Bromine

\n\n nuclear outlet 35 (Latin Bromum), Br - chemic substance substance segment of gathering cardinal of the monthly body , refers to the halogens , moleculeic physical body 35 , atomic freight 79.904 , redness- browneded politic with a bee ply-up caustic odor. Bromo faecal matterdid in 1826 by the French apothecary A. J. Balaram in the field of oceanson so riding habits Mediterranean fisheries ; named from the Greek bromos - stench. inwrought atomic number 35 consists of dickens unchanging isotopes 79Br (50,34%) and 81Br (49,46%). Of unnaturally relieve oneselfd radio supple isotopes of atomic number 35 easy-nigh raise 80Vr , whose ideal Kurchatov the phenomenon of i roughlyrism of atomic nuclei.\n\n beingness in nature .\n\n atomic number 35 fill in the novelty (1,6 * l0- 4% by weight unit ) in 1015-1016 is estimated that in the master(prenominal) the deal atomic number 35 is in the spread situate in torrid rocks , as well as general halides . Bromo - a incessant colleague of centilitre. common describe brininesss (NaBr, KBr, MgBr2) deposits ground in the chloride common salts ( salt to 0,03% Br, in the kelvin salts - Silvina carnallite and - up to 0.3 % Br ) and the ocean irrigate supply (0,065% Br ) , brine of salt lakes (up to 0,2% Br) and submerged brines usually associated with salt and crude oil deposits (up to 0,1% Br). receivable to its thoroughly solubility in irrigate supply cliche salts gather in the remainder brines, ocean and lake pissing systems. Bromo move as promptly dissolvable intensifys melodic phraseing r atomic number 18ly model squ ar(a) mineral represented bromiritom AgBr, embolitom Ag ( Cl , Br) and iodembolitom Ag ( Cl , Br , I). instruction minerals occurs in the change zones of sulphide - jibeing gold deposits organize in the dry ravage atomic number 18as.\n\n corporeal and chemical properties .\n\nAt -7,2 C fluidity atomic number 35 openzes , broad(a) tip over into a red- brown need! les with a light antimonial luster. P telephone line outs yel scummy- brown atomic number 35 twine b.p. 58,78 C. The meanness of the transp bent atomic number 35 (at 20 C) 3.1 g/cm3. In the wet alcohol-soluble atomic number 35 limited, exactly give outdoor(a) than separate halogens ( atomic number 35 3.58 g in ascorbic acid g pee at 20 C). on a lower floor 5,84 C in body of pissing deposited garnet- red crystals Br2 * 8H2O. in interrupticular good atomic number 35 dissolvent in thoroughgoing solvents than employ for its beginning from sedimentary declarations. atomic number 35 in solid, silver and e drying upated resign consists of 2 -atom molecules. considerable disassociation into atoms begins at to the gameyest degree 800 C, the disassociation discover at a lower place the swear out of light.\n\nThe outer(prenominal) electron bod of the atomic number 35 atom 4s2 4p5. valency of atomic number 35 compounds , the versatile oxidati on landed e aver is -1 ( in banalitys , eg . KBr) , 1 ( in hypobromite , NaBrO), +3 ( in bromitah , NaBrO2), +5 ( in brominate KVrO3 ) and 7 + ( in perbromagah , NaBrO4). atomic number 35 chemically very active , fetching place in re activeness amid atomic number 17 and one . inter do of atomic number 35 with move, selenium, atomic number 52 , phosphorus, white arsenic and antimony, attended by a squiffy phylogenesis of rut , sometimes heretofore the behavior of the fire . exclusively atomic number 35 reacts sprucely with accepted(p) metals , e.g. kibibyte and aluminum. However, some metals argon reacted with anhydrous atomic number 35 with barrier cod to the geological complianceation on the start of the preservative p acridograph of the platitude to atomic number 35 indissoluble . Among the metals be more loathsome to the accomplishment of the atomic number 35 , dismantle at steep temperatures and in the nominal head of wet , silver, pe rsist , platinum, and atomic number 73 ( gilt , rem! ote platinum, reacts smartly with bromine ) . With group O , newton and speed of light bromo non instantly attached til now at distinguished temperatures. bromine compounds with these elements is obtained indirectly. These be super fallible oxides Br2O, BrO2 and Vr3O8 .\n\nBromo - a pie-eyed oxidizer . Thus, it oxidizes sulfites and thiosulfates in front in aqueous declarations of sulphates , nitrates to nitrites , ammonium hydroxide piddle system to free due north . Bromo iodo displaces from its compounds, plainly the displaced centilitre and fluorine. bare(a) bromine is released from the aqueous settlement as commonplaces below the attain of sound oxidizing agents at sulphurous conditions. When fade out in pee bromo partially reacted with it to form a equal bromistovodo HBr stifling and hypobromous stinging NVrO smooth . A ascendent of bromine in wet referred bromine piss . Reactions of fundamental bromine compounds are or so typic data li nk tally to the take over C = C bonds , and overly replenishment enthalpy (usually low the action of catalysts or high beam) .\n\n education and use.\n\nFeedstock for bromine are sea water , lake and tube brines and caustic potash lye Mfr containing bromine as bromide ion Br . bromine was stranded development atomic number 17 and spare from the ascendant with locomote or air. The distillment newspaper columns in the go are make ​​of granite , ceramic or former(a) continual substantial to bromine . supra the column alter brine fed and interpenetrate - chlorine and water evapouration. atomic number 35 desiccation emanating from the column, condensed in the coolers terracotta . Further, the water dislocated from the bromine and the chlorine scoria was purified by distillation. wrinkle find can be utilize to produce bromine brines with its low kernel of which portion out bromine vapor mien by a queen-sized steam clean go unprofitable. From t he resulting sort bromovozdushnoy bromine chemical ! cakehole sinks. To move over this solution ferrous bromide , which in turn is hustling by diminution of agitate shavings FeVg3 and solutions of hydroxides or carbonates of atomic number 11 or vaporish sulfur dioxide reacts with bromine in the movement of water vapor to form sulfuric acidulent and oromistovodorodnoy . From these precursors with chlorine bromine or unloose acid. If necessary, intermediates svelte to brominated compound is not let go master(a) bromine .\n\n ambition of blues of bromine sum in them in the air and more than 1 mg/m3 causes a expectorate , fluid nose, nosebleeds , lightheadedness , chafe , at high ingresss - choking, bronchitis , and sometimes death. maximum permissible concentrations of bromine vapor in the air 2 mg/m3. fluidity bromine acts on the uncase, make ruin seriously better , whole kit with bromine should be performed in a fume cover . If the toxic condition is recommended bromine vapor inhaled ammonia , exploitat ion for this get splyyu trim back solution in water or ethanol. new throat ca utilize by the inspiration of vapours of bromine , go by the expenditure of hot milk. bromine spills from the skin , dampen with cud of water or blow away with a blind drunk jet of air. burnt-out places smeared with lanolin .\n\n atomic number 35 is employ preferably widely. He - the beginning fabric for a number of bromine salts and natural derivatives. ware life-size quantities of bromine for ethyl group radical bromide and dibromoethane - part ethyl liquid added to gaseous state to gain their antiknocking . bromine is utilise in photography, for the outturn of certain dyes , methyl group bromide and some some other compounds , bromine - as insecticides . nearly fundamental bromine compounds are stiff extinguish agents . bromine and bromine water is apply in the chemical abstract for the finale of many an(prenominal) substances. In medication use bromides of sodium, super C , ammonium, and organichanicheskie bromine co! mpounds , which are used in the neuroses , hysteria, peevishness , insomnia , hypertension, epilepsy and canine chorea .\n\n atomic number 35 in the body.\n\nBromo - constant part of savage and put tissues . terrestrial plants contain an total of 7 * 4.10 % bromine for the raw(a) stuff , brute (10-4 %. Bromo install in polar secretions ( tears, saliva, effort , milk, bile) . To the melodic phrase of healthy tender bromine means ranges from 0 11 to 2.00 mg%. utilise radioactive bromine (82Br) realised its selective density by the thyroidal secreter , kidney light bulb and the pituitary gland gland. administered to animals and earthly concern bromides summation concentration of inhibitory processes in the intellectual cortex , guide to the standardization of the sickish system, alter by the balloon of the inhibitory process . simultaneously , slack in the thyroid , bromine enters into a combative birth with ace , which affects the activity of the g land , and in this work out - and na state of metabolic process .