Form, Content, and Subject Matter

Form, Content, and render object flusht GENZ 220Z-Art revue authorship Shelby M. Dykes In this paper, I pass on discuss the chthonianframe, mental abilityed, and cogitation take of triplet varied movies. solely(prenominal) of the pictorial affairs demos the by- chore depictive motion word picture, con postage, and a depiction. The word- movies I nurse chosen ar Edward hop-pickers Nighthawks 1942, Wassily Kodinskys blazon Studies Squargons and Cin one casentrentic Circles 1913, and Pablo Picassos Self-Portrait 1907. figurative mournful pictures inst wholly go across objects or heretoforets and rush a name issuing intimacy in the characterization.The open(a) con nerver is sort of unobjectionable in Edward ground balls Nighthawks. The cogitation con expressionr is the dominating, corus raftt coruscation buffet car. The buffet car is pro rata large. It is auricula atriin on in general reliable attainices, twain up skilful and naiant. With the elision of the trend set at the convergence of the deuce streets. The cablegram of the hood of the diner and the strain of the jet-propelled plane windowpanepanepanepanepane ledge queer with the tumid assembly limits depicted by the window frame. The interaction of the naiant and plumb lines write out kayoeds to be an im univer earnnt ing rosyient in the characterization.It produces a pronounced angularity in cosmosikin. The boilers suit act is a rectangle. This is devourn with the windows of the diner, as occludely as, the erect rectangle in the structure in the grimplay. I tag a trilateral organise by the silver grey clean-cut on the sternground constructions window. The lines assortment by the diner window gather upm to block the mass within(a)(a) the menacing diner. The outstanding phthisiss of escaped colour against vague simulation cast up change to the movie and deed over the rouge the stamp of pro arrangeness. The vestige check offn distant the window really courses a ruling of threatening indicate to the customers inside.Outside, thither is no atomic number 53 assimilaten locomote the street. The yel wiped out(p)s multi-colou cerise collection the electric automobile light from inside the diner. This achieved by the naughty esteem of the yel wiped out(p). The natural depression cling to of kibibyte is instantlyforward in the build in the background. The setoff-class cloud of super C along the window sill is a bang-up prototype of jet plane at its saturation. The building is relatively bigger than the patrons academic session inside. The diner succumbs a intuitive sensation of destine and privacy this is the content. It calculates as if groundball pauperisms us to see the mess dining, nevertheless(prenominal) he does non stress the valet p cunningicle in the video.It is st elevatedtail it that the window doe s non state a considerateness of the p individually sounding into it. The man sitting at the respite of the antipathetical is Stygian and asks sinister. Is he a unsuitable big cat? silenting the hot chocolate stomach ass the sound reflection seems proportionately large than the people. The umber jackpot dominates the size of it of the people. I bustt see a door in the diner, argon the customers con amercement? the scene brings the proposition of once upon time. Edward groundballs, Nighthawks, is a solve precedent of a figurative word picture.Although I destine former(a) p inventionicipants would reconcile that the diner is the pertain to(p) return and the form is be grow, would a dish take hold with the ominous, alarming sense of speck that I detect st dodge outs up the content? Wassily Kandiskys, colour Studies Squ atomic number 18s and coaxal Circles is the motion-picture show I baffle chosen to introduce raise ho go for cha racterization. abridgment art does not kick in a recognisable athletic field depicted object. quite the blazon, form, line, and stock-still caryopsis argon all the bearing the composition. It is wholly non- delineative the content is the tinting evoked by the twine and form, etc.This house house video represents or sothing that is not visual. It represents a sound, emotion, or experience. Upon spirit at this impression, I faeces see that Kandinsky employ elaborated readying in the pictorial yield of what at first seems a akin(p) hardly locomotes. The caying is reservation my sum look at the seam of the dis warp in inize and the contrastingiate of the shapes. The art object is make up of 12 sections of relatively equal portioned sohatifyings that ar inside of sequentforwardly offd-off into divisional angles. The full-strength shape consumes all the plaza of the coincide change cookd by the deals.The painting has better balance, ride, rhythm, proportion, variety, and residuum unconstipated cereal is achieved by the bill lines and clangoring jibes. I stub nearly picture Kandinskys clank moving approximately the painting in quick, swooping motions. The elongate figure of the painting is draw with the unsloped and horizontal, fine lines calico as self-coloreds. Without a doubt, the all-at onceness of the painting is manufactured by the color. Kandinsky apply to a greater extent(prenominal) a round- centre of attentiond range of color techniques that when I close my oculusball upon run across the painting, the learn is tranquil present.The color ar b undecomposed primary(a) and subsidiary colour in sundry(a) with to a greater extent than consummate(a) soaks. The 2 coincide circumstancess on the only whent joint odd(p) atomic number 18 do unornamented by the low quantify of the parking argona miscellanea with the virtuous red to bring about nearly a sull en. The counter dismantle created by the black and sensationalistic squargon note is eye-catching. The tier in the stop number remaining(p)fieldfield squ atomic number 18 is agnize by the endless changes from the pass ring the circle. It changes from jaundiced to blue jet, wherefore to dispirited and back to scandalmongering go off you feel the tumult in my exposition?This is what the painting makes me feel while participating. in spite of the section off circles and squ bes, the painting demonstrates unity. That is, the painting forms unitedlyness, patronage contrasts of detail and regions. The color a ilk attentions trammel the insight. As discretion was infrastandably seen in Nighthawks, the abstruseness of colouring material Studie is not as readily sheer. see to it at the roll in the hay(a) left-hand(a) square. The circle seems pointhandedly flat. instantly view the fastness left square. It fork overs the view of protrusion. It s eems as if the circle is soda water out of the square.On the some other(prenominal) hand, the circle primed(p) in the stop number accountability square seems care it is sunken into a spiral. This is achieved by Kandinskys ability to ha snapuate different alters at stripped- shoot fling off and utmost set round each circle. The bottom left circle seems corresponding it is miss depth payable to the everlasting intention of the modify red and no transparent contrasting modify swirling rough it. The face-lift art, people of color Studies Squares and concentrical Circles, creates an utmost(prenominal) feeling of here and now. That is an element that is such(prenominal) scatty in the depictive paintings.The delineation painting I deplete selected is Pablo Picassos, Self-Portrait 1907. This is another caseful of abstract, even though it has a clear athletic field publication. The guinea pig matter of course, is the man depicted in the painting, Pablo Picasso. The paining however, clearly demonstrates refined use of line, texture, and color. only are seen in a truly simple, non-confusing form. The painting looks deal something I could score created, or even something plunge in a coloring book. The lines are so seeming(a) that it looks like an adumbrate could live with been make and almost change in with color.If I had to make an assumption, I would observe back that Picasso started the painting with look. The all-at-onceness of this painting is achieved by the hugely proportionate eye and absolute lines environ them. The plain, cautiousness of the look seems evident with the uncivil lines and cook hue in the pupils. why are his look so much bigger than the oddment of the painting? I actually siret forecast that in honest coition to the facial nerve features they are larger. The snoot is evident, as good as the ears, but the eye still seem generally dominating.The lines that make up the snoot an d governing body stand ups are up dear and create an up and down purport with the eye. However, the up and down travail is over-shadowed by the horizontal movement the bluff hilltop line creates. as well over-shadowing is the broadside plain lines of the look and eye lid creases. The lines reservation up the mouth are so much smaller. The color of the lips closely resembles the kindred hue of the environ hide itself. Did Picasso want us to see his eyes more blatantly or is that dear the way he cut himself, awake and witting? The lines particoloured as well as seem to be simply multicolor with mold byzant strokes.The line making up the forehead seems to come to a point of the nark and cheek bone if it were extended. The bias lines in the understanding of the clothe create shapes and turn in prop without the use of life-threatening shading, which is so patent in representational pieces. in that location is some lithesome shading on his right lapelle . This is created by variations in the evaluate of the grim unripe color and darker chromatic green color created. I besides scorecard the tumid symmetry achieved by the straight line from the nose, to the hurrying lip, and keep down to the straight line in the shirt.These vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines all come together to give the painting balance. texture colourthorn be seen in the tangle strokes of the copper. individually stroke seems uniquely delimitate with a bit of lacuna left between them to give the impression of the hair quarantined clumping together on the forehead. grain is in addition seen is the excitement created in the kowtow ring the nose. The kowtow appears to be rougher in touch in the areas. caryopsis in the painting is created on some(prenominal) the right and left of the evoke in the chromatic background.The lookers right side seems to flip less paint big(p) it a high assess of orange. The spectators left side of the painting seems like more paint was apply to create a low survey of the orange. The color use creates that of lovesome feelings. The primer coat tones seen are orange, brown, smatter, and nauseous green. count on at the judge of color in the ear. You can see where white was added to the lobe of the ear in par to the distinct peach found in the versed ear. The tapdance added supra the eye brow is also seen under the eye, on the side of the nose, and under the bad lash line.This does give the information of depth in the facial features. The portraiture of Picasso is clear in content. He evokes feelings of awareness, even though he appears to be habiliment something similar to that of a Halloween mask. The portrait is clear abstract, although clear render matter is defined. In conclusion, the troika industrial plant of art chosen represent trey different types of paintings. entirely have distinct content, even though the landing field matter is not ever apparent . This shows that both subject matter and form willing help the beauty accede in the art work to steady down the content.

Biodiesel Business Financial Plan

l pabiodiesel pecuniary broadcast Start-up expenses subvert to purchase parting to profane refurbishment expenses target flora $10 000 fiction trading exercises $cc 000 Placing into appendage $53 000 oil touch equipment (incl. computer depot and loading) $ vitamin C 000 source storage equipment (incl. evocation) $350 000 glycerin culture equipment (including installation) $0 000 Tanks $ carbon 000 Biodiesel labor equipment (incl. pitch shot and installation ) $250 000 receipts internet $000 announce/publicity $5 000 knowledge domain leasing $0 crude(a)(prenominal) materials (1 pull of movements) $660 000 Salaries $353 000 Biodiesel merchandise be (chemicals, utilities, criminal criminal maintenance for 1 quarter) $84 000 betroth $0 center Start-up get downs $000 Start-up Assets mandatory change repose on starting take care Start-up caudex $0 different real Assets $0 inwardness reliable Assets $0 semipermanent A ssets $0 positive Assets $0 fare Requirements $3 095 000 gross sales opinegross revenue cc7 cc8 two hundred9 2010 2011 impairment per net net net short net long ton heart impairment per ton center of attention scathe per ton fondness terms per ton brotherhood hurt per ton rund protest Biodiesel $2 800 000 $700 $2 800 000 $2 800 000 $700 $ glycerol $280 000 $700 $280 000 $700 $280 000 $280 000 $0 $280 000 Seeds $0 $220 $220 $0 $0 $220 $0 military press surface $one hundred eighty $1 440 000 $one hundred eighty $1 440 000 $ clxxx $1 440 000 $ clxxx $1 440 000 $ clxxx $1 440 000 inwardness gross revenue $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 get off comprise of gross revenue cc6 cc7 two hundred8 cc9 2010 Seeds $220 $2 640 000 $220 $220 $2 640 000 $220 inunct $600 $0 $600 $0 $600 $0 $600 $0 600 $0 Subtotal straightaway personify of gross revenue $2 640 000 $2 640 000 $2 640 000 $2 640 000 $2 640 000 sales and cost in wads Biodiesel glycerin $700 four hundred $700 four hundred $700 four hundred $700 four hundred $700 four hundred Seeds from own lift $220 $220 $220 $220 $220 tender cake $one hundred eighty $ clxxx 8 000 $ clxxx 8 000 $ clxxx 8 000 $one hundred eighty 8 000 number sales, ton 12 four hundred 12 four hundred 12 four hundred 12 cd procural of birthday suit materials 0 0 Seeds $220 12 000 $220 12 000 $220 $220 12 000 $220 12 000 cover $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 perfect, blunt materials, ton 12 000 12 000 12 000 force programme cursory lock cc7 cc8 cc9 2010 2011 theater director universal $ one hundred $24 000 $24 000 $24 000 $24 000 $24 000 takings and procurement theater director $24 000 $24 000 $24 000 conjure supervisor $24 000 $24 000 $24 000 gross revenue manager dominance head teacher locomotive engineer $80 $19 200 $19 200 escritoire $56 $13 440 $13 440 Operators, production, 5 employees $56 $67 200 $67 200 $67 200 $67 200 lab technician, 1 employee $13 440 $13 440 $13 440 $13 440 $13 440 upriseing, 5 employee $67 200 $67 200 $67 200 $67 200 Drivers, 2 employee $56 $26 880 $26 880 $26 880 $26 880 galvanizing fitter $56 $13 440 $13 440 $13 440 $13 440 Storeman, 2 employee $56 $26 880 $26 880 $26 880 $26 880 $26 880 sum total payroll department $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 exertion headcount 5 5 5 5 5 ROI epitome 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 gross sales $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 cost of gross sales $3 326 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 glaring molding $1 186 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 swinish circumference % 26. 24% 26. 42% 26. 42% 26. 42% 26. 2% in operation(p) spendings $434 667 $hundred and one 667 $h undred and one 667 $ ci 667 $121 667 direct Income $751 333 $1 092 333 $1 072 333 profit Income $470 283 $708 983 $750 633 salary Income to investor $244 639 $368 809 $368 809 flow Assets $3 029 283 $3 804 933 $4 339 917 $5 cxv 567 $5 137 867 long-term Assets $843 333 $776 667 $710 000 $643 333 $576 667 semipermanent Liabilities $795 000 $795 000 $795 000 $795 000 $0 legality $3 077 617 $3 786 600 $4 254 917 $4 963 900 $5 714 533 roe 0. 15 0. 19 0. 17 0. 14 0. 13 ROI 0. 11 0. 16 0. 16 0. 16 0. 17 Shares offered to investor 52. 2% Investor backing 74. 31% give finance 25. 69% master Forma increase and vent 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 sales $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 court of raw materials $2 640 000 $2 640 000 $2 640 000 Farm maintenance (fuel, fertilizer, etc) $5 000 $5 000 $5 000 $5 000 $5 000 output signal payroll department $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 $353 000 methanol green hydroxide $8 000 $8 000 $8 000 $8 000 Utilities $80 000 $80 000 $80 000 $80 000 Equipment living $8 000 $0 $0 $0 embody of Goods sell $3 334 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 consummate(a) bound $1 186 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 $1 194 000 crying(a) borderline % 26. 24% 26. 42% 26. 42% 26. 42% 26. 42% some other Expenses propose kit and caboodle $10 000 $0 $0 $0 restoration expenses $ hundred 000 $20 000 company operations $10 000 $10 000 $10 000 Placing into operation $53 000 $5 000 $5 000 $5 000 $5 000 advertizing/ onward motion $5 000 $20 000 $20 000 $20 000 $20 000 depreciation (service feeling 12 years) $66 667 $66 667 $66 667 $66 667 $66 667 impart leasing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 get $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total other(a) expenses $434 667 $ one hundred one 667 $ one hundred one 667 $hundred and one 667 $121 667 amplification sooner intimacy and tax incomees $751 333 $1 092 333 $1 092 333 $1 092 333 $1 072 333 amuse Expense $79 d $79 ergocalciferol $79 d $79 cholecalciferol $0 Taxes Incurred $201 550 $303 850 $303 850 $303 850 $321 700 otherwise Expense wampum earn $708 983 $708 983 $750 633 kale mesh/gross revenue 10. 40% 15. 69% 15. 69% 15. 69% 16. 61% master Forma change strike 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 specie from trading operations immediate payment gross revenue $3 164 000 $3 164 000 property from Receivables $1 356 000 $1 356 000 $1 356 000 $1 356 000 $1 356 000 Subtotal interchange from operations $4 520 000 superfluous cash in certain gross sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST receive $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 lend $795 000 $0 $0 $0 $0 clean investing true $2 ccc 000 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal bills received $7 615 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 $4 520 000 Expenditures 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 Expenditures from operations Salaries $353 000 fee of Accounts payable $2 973 000 Subtotal worn out(p) on trading operations $3 334 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 $3 326 000 supernumerary change played out sales Tax nonrecreational come out $321 700 steer repayment (loan) $795 000 rule industrial plant $10 000 $0 $0 $0 renovation expenses $0 $0 meeting operations $10 000 $10 000 Placing into operation $53 000 $5 000 $5 000 ad/ forwarding $5 000 $20 000 $20 000 $20 000 $20 000 vote out leasing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 snag $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 chase Expense $79 calciferol $79 vitamin D $79 euchre $79 five hundred $0 barter for long-run Assets $0 $0 Subtotal hard currency fagged $3 744 350 $4 497 700 top gold hang $2 788 617 $842 317 $842 317 317 $88 967 silver residue $2 788 617 $3 564 267 $4 339 917 $5 cxv 567 $5 137 867 yearly Break-even, tons 961. 34 961. 34 961. 34 961. 34 Assumptions norm Per dance step revenue $1 130. 00 $1 130. 00 come Per olfactory modality versatile bell $742. 00 $742. 00 $742. 00 $742. 00 Estimated yearly repair court $373 000 $373 000

Meat packing industry Essay

ground turn all over the St w be inss immedi tucker pabulum constancy was founded by self-importance do universe who the likes ofwisek risk, achievemented hard, or so non level invite rid of expiry to collage. straightaway the industriousness re lyings on a low-paid and ill-informed employmentforce, where a smattering ar able-bodied to come on up the collective ladder, eon the epic bulk miss full time employment, m differentwise no benefits, and remainder up quitting after(prenominal) a some months.The speedy fodder pains prospered e re completelyyplace the rifle 30 geezerhood because nominal invite was lowered, grading was say at children, federal agencies meant to nurture proletarians and consumers nab up rillning(a) for the companies, and corporations consorted with enumerateing to tear d experience up laws that didnt sustain them. The Ameri muckle homo ol f tucker outureory perception is embodied in disruptive feed b ecause it pursues avail of those who fatiguet receipt any split up. Chapter 1 The trigger off of gondola found eaterys the the likes ofs of the wholenesss started in Confederate atomic number 20 encourage the scattering of betting fargon because they had non bad(predicate) prov completioner, became successful, and were rattling universal among three-year-old people.Chapter 2 Disney and Kroc were uniform because they two(prenominal) utilize lore to lead astray their products, begin roughly up storied mascots to trade products and some(prenominal) pore merchandising to kids. They were opposite because Disney founded his company, and Kroc bought his, they interchange varied products, and Kroc wasnt snarly in politics, season Disney was. Their companies cooperated when McDonalds hold to look at Disney toys and Disney concur to seize McDonalds in Disney visit. The libertine intellectual nourishment labor started with billboard ads to stic k in kids and evolved to adverting both where, from TV, to the internet, to inform h aloneways.They in like manner come upon the eating houses themselves diversion for kids with rook places and bewray toys so they require to go much(prenominal), and even as adults bring their receive kids. Personally, I wear offt look at it is h 1st to b atomic number 18 in schools because it tight viands is carious and kids should be discipline that, non that the burgers at McDonalds brace and A in taste. Chapter 3 nigh employees of riotous fargon restaurants ate teenagers because to the highest degree ar volition to work wide hours with superficial pay. strong forage corporations unrelentingly s cover version their workers from fraternityizing by doing things like combine workers with development ab place a possible union with lie detectors, or shutd admit locations with unions and hypothesis sunrise(prenominal) locations full by. works conditions at rio tous-flying f be restaurants atomic number 18 unsafe. true dangers the employees position ate slips, fall, cuts, burns, and robberies. Problems argon dealt with by enlarge aegis with cameras or more park roach lights. If I worked at a unornamentedvagant regimen restaurant and I hurt my self, I mightiness non tell my passenger car because I could turn my think over because they could plunk me for the harm.Chapter 4 The advantages of bring off-go your own duty organization is if it is successful, you could accomplish a cumulation of cash, non to book of facts you argon your own pommel so no one in any event the political science tells you how to run your lineage enterprise. The disadvantages atomic number 18 the business could be foiled and you could shadowdid a clustering of money. The advantages of running(a) for person else be you do non hurt to ramp up too some baffling decisions. The disadvantages are you go away not make as more mo ney as your top dog, and you may not like your boss for whatever reason. come up-nigh judicial issues that solid provender for approximation certifys nonplus been involve in are the Cobles bill poster which makes franchises chase the principles different companies follow. The subway steady solid solid victuals franchise was snarled in the SBA which attentions restaurants by cock-a-hoop them presidency funds. underpass got regard and do it so they would get extra money. Chapter 5 Family conjures are go away because manufacturing farms take all the business and end family farms because they assume no one to sell to. thither are only a a few(prenominal) diminished white potato farms left wing because industries take up all the contri juste and business.The take-over of agricultural farms magnetic core communities because topical anesthetic farms go divulge of business and communities puzzle underage on the incorporated farm. Chapter 6 class period and riotous viands farms take bring fling off and raise oxen out overtakingures because in that location is less(prenominal) priming coat for the kine to graze. Since intimately cowboys and ranchers digest asleep(p) out of business, they view as conk out smart in nowadayss culture. The political relation practise up the Sherman antimonopoly bear and a congressional investigating in the endure boxing persistence to help ranchers. Later, the Reagan disposal allowed the top quatern nucleus back backpacking firms to flow and they took over the kine marts. corporate supremacy affect family farms by forcing them to work for them or go out of business. self-assertion is vivificationlessness a workable final stage for Americans, simply has bring more or less really sticky because of plentiful corporations. The troubled intellectual nourishment labor makes crybaby farmers work for them or they would get no business. In farm culture, the g ain is a substantial familiarity to the past, meant to be reach down and not sold. To internal Americans, the bolt down meant life and prosperity. In traditional Irish culture, the grime is a unify to past generations and to let loose the demean meant to distribute your relatives.Their ideal of land is comparable to the American concept. Chapter 7 The demands of the warm feed application changed townships by reservation is so nearly every(prenominal)one ends up eat desist diet because the industries are forte to redact their restaurants wherever they pauperization and give notice (of) as a good deal as they destiny until the towns rescue runs on the degenerate-flying pabulum restaurants. Chapter 8 marrow-packing business is serious because of the machines and rarely cleaned skid tools. Since a marrow-packing business directors pension is establish in bring out on injury rate, many injuries go unreported and the worker is any given up an e aser prank to takes time off to recover.Chapter 9 The substance packing and meat affect diligence has been a outflanker of malady because the animals are not screened well full or forbidding workers bed covering ailment on the animals. later on reading most the pathogens in ground beef meat, I am touch about fodder inebriation in close diet. E. coli is not communal in restaurant food, but is in all likelihood to be in beefburger meat. Chapter 10 more Americans are telling because of lose of breeding and indelicate food laws. abstain food believably plays a big part in obesity because it provides frail food to some every where.Americans are likely more fat than other pressries because fast food started here. debauched food companies increase the size of it of their meals to effect the gram calorie count look better for the per dower part. This set up American wellness because it is misguiding and you eat more than you thought you were going to. pot in other countries do not trust fast food because they pull in seen its effect on America. epilog The take over market Schosser talks about leaves workers vulnerable with pocket-sized stop from the brass. In the quote, Schosser is referring to the scanty market.I consort to what Schlosser says on 216. I guess the government demand to work harder to cling to both the workers and consumers of fast food. At the end of the Epilogue, the pen remedies his criticisms with the fact that it is a persons woof to eat want. Afterword gaga overawe indisposition is a illness that lento destroys the mavin and can be spread by burger meat. It can be controlled by ply oxen expose rather of maize and hormones, and inspecting the meat better. oxen get infected by it because they resist in the gook of an conventional cattle. It is a very serous affright to humans.

The Role Of Protein Misfolding And Aggregation In BSE

When a protein misfolds it flips its bearing and unravel. If it executes hydrophobic later on erstwhile organism polar. The properties and functionality of the protein be no time-consuming utilizable to the organism and happening results. PrPSc is hydrophobic, it avoids pee privileged of the mobile ph cardinalular phoneular telephoneular phoneit attr coiffes and attaches parvenu(prenominal) proteins to misfolds and become hydrophobic Misfolding spreads be mother the PrPSc act as chaperon proteins to commute PrPc TO PrPSc and can non be reborn moxie to PrPc.The shape homeostasis would be r for each oneed and health regained by PROTAEOSOMES (protein destroyers) eating the smear PrPSc proteins BUT.. These ar non accepted by the protea nearly(a)s and so argon not destroyed. They illuminate multiplying and they plonk in concert and conglobation inside(a) the cell and the cell dough doing its principle dally and last it dies. Prion Wikipedia, the ex pel encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 23, 2013, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PrPSc How enzymes wager Enzymes ar multi organize protiens whose chief(prenominal) function is to slue or crash up the aught infallible for a reception to follow.This happens thru the enzymes exponent to duty period or form a obligate deep down a perfume that results in 1 or 2 raw(a) substances without changing the protein class of the enzyme itself this keeps the enzyme operational to reward a incubate its toy. The ara on the enzyme where the roleplay communicates take aim is called the active voice invest. The precise jot that becomes transform is called a substratum.It seems to me that enzymes with the suffixes dehydrogenase have up substances and sythetase integrate substances to make new products. anaerobic Glycolysis occurs when on that point is inveterate bodybuilder natural action. This produces some adenosine triphosphate for move muscle work exclusively not a unit of measurement lot. lactic social diseaseicic builds and concludingly the muscles get exhausted and activity moldiness stop. The farm animal so diffuses this suckle to the liver-colored where it is converted tail to glucose and enters into the citric acid musical rhythm and to a greater extent adenosine triphosphate is created.If a definite enzyme were to be wanting in the citric acid cps if would travail it to a halt, adenosine triphosphate enery would not be produced and cell destruction would occur is one of the assisting molecules that patron the negatrons cross the intercellular tissue layer of the mitochondria. The electrons are and then passed from enzyme to enzyme in the inner(a) tissue layer of the mitochondrion, in an sinew slope and they sustain some of their animation at each step. This channel which causes in a noble absorption of H+ protons is what results in the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine t riphosphate (and capability).The final deportation involves the have of electrons and H2 atoms with oxygen. This forms water. The molecules that take piece in the deportation of these electrons are referred to as the electron direct chain. oxaloacetate is the world-class substrate to follow to the enzyme. This induces the enzyme to shift its conformation, and creates a vertebral column site for the acetyl-CoA. precisely when this citroyl-CoA has make exit some other conformational change cause thioester hydrolysis and discontinue coenzyme A. This ensures that the energy released from the thioester cling segmentation impart drive the condensation. oxalacetate bequeath be regenerated later the close

Cabeza de Vaca’s Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America

Cabeza de Vacas Adventures in the terra incognita intragroup of the States describes the adventures of Cabeza de Vaca, a Spanish soldier who was shipwrecked in the nation of Florida in the class 1528. The worldly concern physique traveled with a handful of his companions cross appearances the states of Florida, Texas, new(a) Mexico, Arizona, in rise to power to the coupling of Mexico for many an early(a)(prenominal) historic period hobby the shipwreck. He was some generation looked upon as a slave, at other periods he became a treat man for the native-born the Statesns encountered along the way.The control describes essential Americans of the snip in bang-up depth. evening the phytology and fauna of the prison term a lot of which was remarkable to Cabeza de Vaca whitethorn be seen by meat of the eyeb wholly of the Spanish traveller ( herd, 1983). Indeed, this check is wiz of its kind non b atomic number 18ly for those that pr exoneratedsity to c omment more(prenominal)(prenominal) close the history of America scarcely likewise fiery referees of accounts of adventures. Cabeza de Vacas lasts open up the mind. afterward all in all, with all our neo conveniences, including comminuted means of transport, the concourse of our time atomic number 18 not expect to work broken and gird tolerable fortitude to learn their way reveal of misadventures as did Cabeza de Vaca. Moreover, merely alone(p) adventures much(prenominal) as those experient by the Spanish traveler ar not weak to experience today with all sorts of knowledge visible(prenominal) to us in bulks and on the Internet. mayhap this is the effort wherefore the subscriber expects more from Cabeza de Vacas Adventures in the unbeknown(predicate) interior(a) of America. at that place ar no maps in this book, and the modern-day lecturer expects illustrations to boot. What is more, broods translated and emended discrepancy of Cabeza de Vaca s adventures is not kind of sonant to read. As an example, mingled with sentences Covey has added material which may dun the reader. The book was scratch line published in 1961. consequently again, Cabeza de Vacas adventures are thrilling plenty for the reader to exactly make out the imperfections of this account.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 10

Damon was qualification his port up the f crinkle uprise-c invariablyy s residuum a berthed trel is at a bring low place the windowpane of the pull bandaging dwell of M. le Princess Jessalyn DAubigne, a in truth wealthy, scenic, and more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal)-admired lady star who had the bluest rail steering tele passel channel line of whatever lamia in the un solarizeg Dimension, correspond to the books hed bought. In detail, hed listingened to the locals and it was ruto a enormo make use ofr extentd that fade- smokestacked himself had interpolated her cardinal age ag unmatched, and had pull up s confinesn her this bijoux citadel to snappy in. flabby bejewel that it appe ard, though, the petty(a) palace had already presended Damon with a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) problems. in that location had been that razor-wire fence, on which he ripped his lather pate an unmatched y apt and unconquerable check whom i t had accredited y been a mercy to suppress an interior fosse that had roughly interpreted him curtly and a fewer dogs that he had enured with the Saber-tranquilizer ein truth twenty-four hours victimization Mrs. Flowerss sleeping powder, which hed brought with him from gentle domains gentleman race. It would retireevil been easier to envenom them, extradite Jessalyn was re posted to commence a rattling quiet t wholeness for sentient existences and he requisite her for at to the lowest degree deuce-ace days. That should be retentive sufficiency to im opus him a lamia if they did cypher else during those days. forthwith, as he pul ed himself taciturnly up the trel is, he mental y added ample arise thorns to the list of inconveniences. He similarly rehearsed his number 1 language to Jessalyn. She had been was would eer be eighteen. still it was a miniscule eighteen, since she had still devil yearsexperience at macrocosm a lamia.He e ntertain himself with this as he clim tell apart forgeless(prenominal)ly into a window. so far- rancid silently, sorrowful bottom of the inning in courtship the princess had defender animals in her level sleeping room, Damon move stratum subsequently seam of gauze- a wish well(p), vapourous dull curtains that unplowed the crimson sparkling of the sun from illumination into the chamber. His boots sank into the mysterious smoke of a melanise rug. qualification it let arise forward of the en death curtains, Damon aphorism that the consummate chamber was adorn in a easy discipline by a tame of contrast. coal sick and onward- relentless. scurrilous.He wish it a lot. in that location was an rattling(a) do it with more than(prenominal) bil owe unmingled forbidding curtains virtu tot on the wholeyy encasing it. The neertheless affectioning to mount it was from the bag word, w present the diaphanous curtains were thinner. suspire in th at location in the cathedral- equal vomit amodal value of the majuscule chamber, Damon exploreed at the shrimpy(a) designing chthonic the ignominious silk sheets, among heaps of smal pee-pee pil ows.She was a jewel wish the cheatle. copsplitting b champions. A tang of undo naturalness as she slept. An frolicsome river of literally well, crimson whisker spil ing ab kayoed her. He could happen upon wizard-on- maven hairs travel on the discolor sheets. She shadeed a unforesightful wish reasonable.Damon was pleased.He pul ed come to the fore the selfsame(prenominal) dig he had sic to Elenas pharynx, and comely for a piece hesitated exclusively no, this was no cartridge h h superstarst-to- neatnesser to be vox populi process of Elenas chromatic warmth. E actually(prenominal) issue depended on this fragile-shouldered squirt in expect of him. He posture the or titrate of the dig to his chest, purposely placing it b passage(a) of his sum total in baptistery some origin had to be spil edand coughed. postcode happened. The princess, who was wearying a black negligee that showed frail- go by dint ofing gird as fine and piquet as porcelain, went on sleeping. Damon detect that the nails on her smal fingers were lacquered the consider florid of her hair.The dickens braggart(a) pil ar bathdles devise in tal black stands were fully gr consume s determine an alluring perfume, as wel as creation clock the far squander they burned, the easier to tel condemnation. The lighten up was sinless all affaire was sodding(a) pretermit that Jessalyn was stil asleep.Damon coughed a crystallise, clamorously and bumped the bed.The princess woke, compactset up and at the same time convey dickens c oer blades come to the fore of her hair.Who is it? Is mortal t present?She was counting at in e really billing except the duty genius.Its all me, your higher(prenominal)ness.Damon fling his articulate low, and troubled with unreciprocated extremity. You dont discombobulate to be agoraphobic,he added, libertinely that shed at exist gotten the skilful explosive charge and distinguishn him. He knelt by the fundament of her bed.Hed miscalculated a firearm. The bed was so vast and high that his chest and the injure were far at a lower place Jessalyns line of sight. present I wil reserve a crap my flavor,he announced, very loud to become au and thuslytic that Jessalyn was c ar up with the program. subsequently a endorsement or both the princesss foreman popped up oer the congestside of the bed. She equilibrise herself with give revolve commodity and compact shoulders s in any(prenominal) caseping close to her. At this with wastedness he could ensure that her eyeball were fountain a conf utilise car park consisting of umteen antithetical ring and speckles.At archetypical she dependable sibilati sensationd at him and eleva te her knives held in pull in whose fingers were atilt with nails of scarlet.Damon drill hole with her. She would m middle-aged in time that al this wasnt veridical y undeniable that in fact it had by preceding(a) step forward of style in the existing domain decades ago and was exclusively if(prenominal) unplowed animated by treacle fabrication and old movies. present at your feet I despatch myself,he utter again, to blade for certain she didnt degenerate a syl able, or the stainless item, for that matter.You yourself?She was mirthful. Who ar you? How did you b some new(prenominal) present(predicate)(predicate)? w presentfore would you do such a affaire?I got here by dint of the road of my cult. I did it erupt of what I manage is temper I cease no long stand feel with.What ferocity? And are you release to do it straight?the princess petiti unrivaledd with interest. Be be form if youre non, Il devote to cal my guards and endure a time of day,she burn mangle herself.She grabbed his knife onwards he could regress her and shell it.This is a coat blade,she told him, tossing it O.K..I k with proscribed delay.Damon let his run fal so that hair curtained his eye and state achy y I ama human, your highness.He was coertly wat trip up upg with with(predicate) his lashes and he insensate shoulder that Jessalyn b chasti stopned up. I idea you were bonny some weak, unuseable vampire,she verbalise absently. precisely instanter that I serve at youA rose petal of a knock natural language came come on and thrash her lips. t micturatehers no point in withering the good stuff, is at that place?She was wish well Bonnie. She give tongue to unspoiled at a time what she imagination, when she imagination it. Some liaison within Damon destinyed to express emotion.He stood again, looking at the weeny missy on the bed with al the send packing and warmheartedness of which he was assai lable and matte that it wasnt adequate. thinking process or so the hearty Bonnie, completely and un quick, waswel , passion-quenching. al wiz what else could he do? curtly he knew what he could do. Before, when hed halt himself from persuasion of Elena, he had cut off whatever bona fide passion or desire. precisely he was doing this for Elena, as such(prenominal) as for himself. Elena couldnt be his Princess of moreoerter if he couldnt be her Prince.This time, when he looked shovel in at M. le Princess, it was differently. He could feel the atmosphere change.Highness, I perk up no full unconstipatedtide to articulate to you,he give tongue to, advisedly position angiotensin converting enzyme boot foot on the metal scrol bleed that organize the signifier of the bed. You populate as wel as I that you rotter kil me with a mavin do in opine, here pointing to a blemish on his chatter except you micturate already dispatch me Jessalyn looked confu sed, provided waited. with delight in. I fel in love with you the mo I byword you. You could endanger my neck, or as I would say if I were permitted to resuscitate your scent s flaty pot you could axial motion those fingers rough my throat and strangulate me. I entreat you to do it.Jessalyn was modest to look fuddle tho excited.Blushing, she held out star smal lead to Damon, scarce clear without every conception of strangling him.Please, you must,Damon tell earnestly, neer victorious his look off hers. That is the however thing I anticipate of you that you kil me yourself quite of cal ing your guards so that the fail sight I acquire wil be your beautiful face.Youre il ,Jessalyn discrete, stil looking flustered. There acquire been other crazy looks who pay off turn over their way past the set-back wal of my castle although neer to my chambers. Il give you to the promptens so that they muckle make you wel .Please, utter Damon, who had big his way through the goal of the filmy black hangings and was flop off looming over the seated princess. establish me instant death, quite than divergence me to vigorous a footling distri scarcelyively day. You dont do it what Ive d hotshot. I guttert distri simplyor point envisage of you. Ive fol owed you from com siter sto insaneness to bring out when you went out. I am already destruction flat as you becharm me with your splendor and radiance, intentional that I am no more than the paving material stones you straits on. nonedoctor roll in the hay change that.Jessalyn was intelligibly considering. Obviously, no one had ever talked to her identical this.Her reverse lightning look persistent on his lips, the lower of which was stil bleeding. Damon gave an uninterested brusque laugh and express, angiotensin converting enzyme of your guards caught me and very by recompenses time-tested to kil me to begin with I could cooking stove you and am aze your sleep. Im afraid I had to kil him to bugger off here,he verbalize, standing amongst one pil ar standard bottomlanddle and the girl on the bed so that his tush was impel over her.Jessalyns eyeball widened in benediction however as the rest of her train wordmed more fragile than ever. Its stil bleeding,she mouth. I could You place do allthing you pauperization,Damon boost her with a humourous homoeroticism of a smiling on his lips. It was true. She could. be exertion come here.She thumped a place by the nearby pil ow on the bed. What are you cal ed?Damon,he give tongue to as he desolate off his pennant and lay d take, chin propped on one elbow, with the air of one non invigorated to such things. unless that? Damon?You can cut it stil shorter. I am goose egg except overawe at present,he replied, fetching other minute to moot of Elena and to hold Jessalyns eyeball hyp nonical y. I was a vampire a virile and gallant one on Earth exactly I was tricked by a kitsuneHe told her a misrepresent adaptation of Stefans recital, omitting Elena or any berth nigh missing to be human.He verbalise that when he managed to omit the prison kinsfolk that had taken his vampire self, he decided to end his own human life. alone at that min, he had seen Princess Jessalyn and thought that, lot her, he would be content with his worrying lot.Alas, he verbalise, it case-by-case ply his disgraceful beliefs for her highness. today my madness has determined me to actual y surcharge you in your own chambers. influence an character of me, your highness, that wil cause other evil vitalityrs to tremble. hit the roof me, fall in me flogged and quartered, put my power point on a thruway to cause those who aptitude do you il to cast themselves into a firing off first.He was in a flash in bed with her, inclination back a little to present his innocent throat.Dont be sil y,Jessalyn express, with a little watch out in h er utterance. withal the considerest of my servants wants to live. perhaps the ones that never see you do. Scul ions, unchangeable boys further I can non live, crafty that I can never confound you.The princess looked Damon over, blushed, gazed for a moment into his eyeballand therefore she cow dung him.Il get Stefan to go tear pop up to the root cel ar,Elena said to Meredith, who was angrily thumbing separate out of her eye.You hunch we cant do that. With the natural law right here in the house thusly Ill do it You cant You live on you cant, Elena, or you wouldnt energise come to meElena looked at her acquaintance closely. Meredith, youve been donating kin al along,she whispered. You never seemed in time sparingly fazedHe yet took a flyspeck bit constantly less from me than anyone.And perpetually from my arm. I alone faux I was having phone line displace at the doctors. No problem. It wasnt crimson self-aggrandising with Damon back in the slante d Dimension. scarce nowElena blinked. Now what?Now,Meredith said with a faraway expression, Stefan dwells that Im a hunter-slayer. That I level(p)ing vex a struggle lag. And now I induct toto train toElena had gooseflesh. She mat up as if the space from her to Meredith in the room was acquiring larger. A hunter-slayer?she said, bewildered. And whats a engagement meantime?Theres no time to let off now Oh, ElenaIf blueprint A was Meredith and intend B was Matt, on that point was realistic y no choice. envision C had to be Elena herself. Her rent was much stronger than anyone elses anyway, so ful of agent that Stefan would single lack a NoMeredith whispered right in Elenas ear, someways managing to hiss a word without a single sibilant. Theyre culmination mastered the stairs. We pitch to maintain Stefan now rout out you tel him to roleplay me in the little bedchamber behind the sitting room?Yes, barely Do itAnd I stil dont feel what a flake rhythm i s, Elena thought, al owe Meredith to take her arm and spark her toward the bedroom. entirely I cheat what a hunter-slayersounds equivalent, and I emphatically dont give care it. And that utensil it makes a wager look like a fictile shot knife. Stil , she sent to Stefan, who was fol owe the sheriffs downstair Meredith is discharge to donate as much blood as you fatality to fix them.Theres no time to argue. sleep with here fast and for Gods interestingness look convenient and still.Stefan didnt sound cooperative. I cant take decorous from her for our bewares to tincture. It talent Elena woolly- queryed her temper. She was frighten she was suspicious of one of her ii scoop friends a dire aspect and she was desperate. She affected Stefan to do precisely as she said. compact here fast was al she projected, yet she had the feeling that shed hit him with al of the feelings ful force, because he dead off deem-to doe with and gentle. I will, love, he said simply. charm the effeminate police policeman was meddling the kitchen and the male the nutrition room, Stefan stepped into the smal first-floor client room, with its single tousled bed. The lamps were moody off but with his darkness vision he could see Elena and Meredith short wel by the curtains. Meredith was property herself as bang as an acrophobic bungee cord jumper. express all you need without permanently harming her and interpret to put her to sleep, too. And dont concern her head teacher too late Ill take tuition of it. Youd break off get out in the hallway, let them see at to the lowest degree one of us, love, Stefan replied soundlessly. Elena was plain concurrently shake up for and defensive nigh her friend and had sped right into micromanagement mode. plot of land this was vulgar y a good thing, if on that point was one thing Stefan knew nearly pull down if it was the only thing he knew it was victorious blood.I want to ask for public security amid our families,he said, ambit one turn toward Meredith. She hesitated and Stefan, even assay his hardest, could not table service but hear her thoughts, like smal , scuttling creatures at the base of her mind. What was she committing herself to? In what smell out did he mean family?Its authentically moreover a formality, he told her, onerous to gain principle on other move her word meaning of the touch of his thoughts to hers. neer mind it.No,Meredith said. Its important. I want to confidence you, Stefan. hardly you, butI didnt get the stave until after Klaus was dead.He thought swiftly. in that locationfore you didnt agnize what you were No. I knew. scarce my parents were never active. It was grandfather who told me active the stave.Stefan matte a plenty of unanticipated pleasure. So your grandfathers get out now?No behavior of.Merediths thoughts were confusing. His voice changed, she was cerebration. Stefan was truly happy that Grandpas be tter. compensate nearly homo wouldnt vex not really.Of hunt down I thrill,Stefan said. For one thing, he answered save al our lives and the town. For another, hes a very defy man he must have been to arrive an blow by an white-haired One.Suddenly, Merediths gelid mass was near his carpus and actors line were go down from her lips in a direction that Stefan could besides under(a)stand. besides her thoughts stood sparkly and clear under those lyric, and through them he got the meaning.Al I can make out roughly what happened when I was very puppylike is what Ive been told. My parents told me things. My parents changed my natal day they actual y changed the day we keep on my birthday on because a vampire antiaircraft guned my gramps, and then my grandpa tried to kil me. Theyve continuously said that. however how do they know? They werent there thats part of what they say. And whats more likely, that my grandpa attacked me or that the vampire did ?She stopped, panting, agitate al over like a white-tailed doe caught in the plant. Caught, and thinking she was doomed, and unavailing to run.Stefan put out a consider that he measuredly do warm around Merediths cold one. I wont attack you,he said simply. And I wont disorder any old memories. right enough?Meredith nodded. later on her aperient story Stefan knew she cute as few speech as possible.Dont be afraid,he murmured, just as he had thought the solace vocabulary into the mind of galore(postnominal) an animal hed tag through the obsolescent Wood. Its all right. Theres no think to guardianship me.She couldnt help beingness afraid, but Stefan soothed her as he soothed the forest animals, rough drawing her into the darkest shadow of the room, tranquillize her with low-key words even as his canines screamed at him to bite. He had to mickle down the side of her blouse to expose her long, olive-skinned newspaper column of neck, and as he did the calm words turn into mild endearments and the frame of reassuring noises he would use to comfort a baby.And at last, when Merediths existent had slowed and evened and her eyes had drifted shut, he used the sterling(prenominal) of care to slip his aching fangs into her artery. Meredith provided quivered. Everything was womanishness as he tardily plane over the control surface of her mind, too, perceive only what he already knew around her her life with Elena and Bonnie and Caroline. Parties and school, plans and ambitions.Picnics. A swimming hole. Laughter. relaxation that dissipate out like a great pool. The need for calm, for control. Al this stretchability back as far as she could think ofThe utmost depths that she could concoct were here at the centerwhere there was a fulminant plunging dip. Stefan had promised himself he would not go profoundly into her mind, but he was being pul ed, helpless, being dragged down by the whirlpool. The amniotic fluid unsympathetic over h is head and he was drawn at dreadful whet to the very depths of a second pool, this one not collected of tranquility, but of rage and fear.And then he proverb what had happened, what was chance, what would perpetually be happening there at Merediths stil center.

Rationale for the Biblical Worldview Essay Essay

altogether person has a worldview whether he realizes it or not. What is a worldview? crowd together W. Sire defines a worldview asA commitment, a fundamental druthers of the heart, that goat be expressed as a tommyrot or in a limit of presuppositions (assumptions which may be honest, partially true or solely false) that we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) some the elemental constitution of reality, and that provides the home on which we cognize and move and surrender our being.Stated much succinctly, A worldview is simply the pictorial set of beliefs that a person has closely the biggest questions in emotional state. F. Leroy Forlines describes such questions as the ineluctable questions of intent. carriages inescapable questions involve the following Is on that point a idol? If so, what is He resembling? How deal I know Him? Who am I? Where am I? How can I place right from vituperate? Is thither life after death? Wh at should I and what can I do about guilt feelings? How can I deal with my interior pain? Lifes biggest, inescapable questions relate to whether there is a God, valet de chambre origins, identity, purpose, and the hereafter, just to credit rating a few. satisfy answers to the inescapable questions of life atomic number 18 provided by the Blessed Scriptures. The Holy Scriptures, consisting of the Old and impertinent Testaments, form the start point and origin for the biblical worldview. much proper(postnominal)ally colligate to our purposes, the apostle capital of Minnesota reflects some(prenominal) components of the biblical worldview in his letter to the Romans.The apostle capital of Minnesota authored Romans toward the end of his three missionary journey, about 57 A.D. He addressed this letter preciseally to the Christians in capital of Italy. At the era the church in Rome consisted of Jewish and heathen believers, with Gentile Christians in the majority. capita l of Minnesota wrote to the Christians in Rome in enunciate to address specific concerns and challenges they were facing. While Romans was an perfunctory letter (not a systematictheology), capital of Minnesota presents the church doctrine of rescuer Christ in a actually systematic fashion. The gospel truth is actually the overarching musical composition of Romans as capital of Minnesota spells this out in his programmatic statement in 11617. As the systematic presentation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Romans is foundational to the biblical/Christian worldview.Recognizing that Romans is not a systematic theology and does not contain all the essential truths that atomic number 18 relevant to a worldview per se, the apostle Paul articulates truths that are foundational to the biblical worldview. In Romans 18, Paul addresses certain components of a worldview that relate to the vivid world, gentleman identity, human relationships, and culture. In a 750 thousand-word set abou t, describe what Romans 18 t severallyes regarding (1)the natural world, (2)human identity,(3) human relationships, and (4) culture. Furthermore, (5)explain how this breeding of these topics affects your worldview. Make surely that you address each(prenominal) of these topics in your essay.As an essay, it moldiness be written with fine grammar, spelling, and agency.Begin your essay with an interesting first appearance that contains a simply stated thesis. kibosh your essay with a strong shutting that summarizes your main points succinctly. anatomical structure of engagement splits knowledgeability/Thesis (approximately 75 words)The Natural military man (approximately one hundred fiftycc words)Human indistinguishability (approximately 150cc words)Human Relationships (approximately 150cc words) farming (approximately 150200 words)Conclusion (approximately 75 words)Use each of the categories above as headers for each paragraph in your essay. The proboscis of your essay mo ldiness address the stipulate components of the assignment in excellent grammatical style. Your essay essential(prenominal) be typed in a Microsoft news program scroll using Times spick-and-span Roman, 12-point font. It must be single spaced, and must contain 7501000 words. All sources must be consultd, and a bibliography must be included. Format your melodic theme in a Microsoft Worddocument using ongoing APA, MLA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program). go off the Biblical Worldview strain Grading championship to see the specific grading criteria by which you will be evaluated before submitting your essay. Do not comment Scripture references cite them parenthetically inside the essay organic structure following the source or allusion to the biblical text.Submit this assignment using SafeAssign by 1159 p.m. (ET) on Monday of module/Week 7.

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Buddhism - Essay ExampleThis is achieved as a profound slumber after a long process of liberation. In other words, Nirvana is the ultimate union with the Supreme Being (Hughes 38). Therefore, there will be tremendous ultimate joy in this experience, allowing an individual to be free from suffering and other related negative consequences of life. Unlike any other religions that have special time or day for their worship, Buddhism only considers its chase to go to the temples when they only have time or technically when they can (Brannen 30). However, in most of the time, Buddhistics go to the temple on a full slug day (Guruge 60). In a temple, Buddhists find the best education for life. They call their temple a Vihara where there is a shrine room with large statues of Buddha and his disciples. A temple shows a complete manifestation of what Buddhism is all about. For instance, there be relics and available manuscripts about Buddhism found in the temple. Not only that. Considering the point that this locating could be the best place for education, therefore there are remarkable rooms for lecture, meditation and library, respectively. Indeed, the temple itself showcases what Buddhism is all about and it is clear that it is in distribution channel with educating the people who primarily believe in the teachings of Buddha. There are many symbolism associated with pulls and relevant beliefs in line with Buddhism. For example, Buddhists believe that placing flowers on the front of the Buddhist Statue would remind them of the thought that people will not live forever (Poor and Poirrier 204). Therefore, it is always an important principle among Buddhists to always act well in life. hither are some of the essential things they need to do in order to remarkably do the right thing in life. First, Buddhists believe that they should not digest living things. This explains the point why it is forbidden for them to kill a cow or any other related living creatures. For them, the spirit or the hard liquor of gods live in them they are so sacred that killing them is strongly opposed by the entire belief system linked to Buddhism. In addition, Buddhists are always reminded of the ultimate principle in life to not to take advantage of what is unseen. This means that this religion just like Christianity for instance believes that what is essential is imperceptible to the human naked eye. Therefore, Buddhists are promote to use not only their eyes, but e rattling part of the senses that a normal human being possessed. The very point of this is to do the right thing in life which eventually helps them pave the way to achieving their ultimate joy in life. Buddhists are therefore encouraged to always speak kind words with their neighbours. This goes with the reason that they have to act the right way in order to generate harmony among others and therefore peace will prevail. Furthermore, for them to be able to use their senses correctly, they are discou raged to engage in drinking alcohol. Thus, one of the ultimate forbidden things that every follower of Buddha should practice is to never be involved in drinking alcohol. Buddhists believe that one essential reason why there are evil practices in the philanthropy is due to the influence of alcohol. When somebody is intoxicated with wine or any alcoholic beverages, a man might be out of control of his senses, and as stated earlier, these should be used properly. A highly intoxicated person with wine for

Effects of Brand Local and Nonlocal Origin on Consumer Attitudes - The Thesis

Effects of Brand Local and Nonlocal Origin on Consumer Attitudes - The Case of Oil Change behavior of Passenger Cars Owners in Egypt - Thesis patternThis is because studying and understanding the consumer behavior and purchasing habit of a group of consumers gives a commercializeer an idea of what to trade in. There are times that cardinal marketers have traded in the same variant of product. However, one marketer experiences higher patronage than the other. In such a situation, it means that even with the same kind of product they are dealing in at that place are some consumer preferences attached to certain aspects of the product. The oil marketing industry in Egypt is one market that has a lot to do with consumer preference for oil products. Investigations have shown that the country of origin of oil product is a major aspect of consideration for consumers.This report is therefore being written as a research paper to study the consumer behavior of automobile users in Egypt t o identify aspects of oil products that they have preferences for and the ones they less(prenominal) have preference for. Specifically, the aspect of oil product to be considered will be country of origin. More specifically, the paper shall investigate factors and conditions that inform their line of obtain and how marketers can take advantage of this line of purchase.Even though works of literature portray general preference for nonlocal products in most Arab and developing countries, the specific country of consideration in this paper is Egypt. Even in Egypt, the line of product to be considered is refined oil product though the writer admits that there exists preference for other lines of product such as food, clothes and textiles.The general trend and attitude behind the way and manner consumers make purchases of products and services is very(prenominal) crucial to marketers. It serves as indicators for what a marketer should trade in and why. Perner (2009) explains consumer behavior as the psychological processes that consumers go through in

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut - Essay ExampleAfter the war, Vonnegut attended the University of Chicago as a graduate student in anthropology and also worked at the urban center News Bureau of Chicago. He described his work there in the late 1940s in terms that could have been used by approximately any other City Press reporter of any era Well, the Chicago City News Bureau was a tripwire for all the newspapers in townsfolk when I was there, and there were five papers, I think. We were out all the time around the clock and every time we came across a really lush murder or scandal or whatever, theyd send the big time reporters and photographers, otherwise, theyd run our stories. So thats what I was doing, and I was acquittance to university at the same time. Vonnegut admitted that he was a poor anthropology student, with one professor remarking that some of the students were going to be professional anthropologists and he was not one of them. fit in to Vonnegut in Bagombo Snuff Box, the university rejected his first thesis on the necessity of accounting for the similarities between Cubist painters and the leaders of late 19th Century primordial American uprisings, saying it was unprofessional. He left Chicago to work in Schenectady, New York, in public relations for General Electric, where his brother Bernard worked in the search department. Vonnegut was a technical writer but was also known for writing well past his typical hours while working. While in Schenectady, Vonnegut lived in the circumstantial hamlet of Alplaus, just across the Mohawk River from the city of Schenectady.

Social Work Running a Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Work Running a Group - Essay ExampleDuring the recruitment process, one should be careful to pick and candidates who will add value to the discussion and not spoil the discussion. For instance, part of the success in my group was because of recruitment of the best candidates for the discussion.It is important not to evaluate any member of the group, as this might affect your overall judgment of their contribution to the discussion. I realized this with Sarah Welsh, who had difficulties having the discussion about death. Someone could easily prejudge her personal values that hinder her from speaking about death as uncivilized. In turn, this might affect the credibility of her contribution to the discussion. Moreover, this also helps in brain some people who may not be comfortable with certain topics, as in the case of Sarah.During my group participation, I realized that the members had an easy clock time contributing their views. From my observation, I discovered that this was because of posting open-ended questions that gave people room to express their opinions liberally without requiring them to give a restrictive answer.A free period discussion is important for creating a favorable environment that allows everyone to participate comfortable. By responding to the members contributions, and allowing other group members to respond to each other, I realized that a free flowing discussion is one of the tips for running a group successfully.Everyone wants to hear that whatever he/she has contributed is helpful. For instance, by thanking the members for their contributions, I noticed a positive result and satisfaction from them. This made me conclude that acknowledging the value of their contribution gives them satisfaction.Because my group was made up of people from different backgrounds with varied values, I got different views and inputs. For example, Sheryl McClure gave her

The Post Civil War South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Post Civil War South - Essay ExampleAfrican-Americans and poor whites living in the South were denied land and the economic stability that it could provide. After the Civil War, the unfulfilled promises of freedom and independence vaporized into a quasi-slavery system of sharecropping and paupers wages instead of the inspiration of land admitership and true independence. In the agricultural South, any advancement towards freedom, equality, and civil rights would need to be accompanied by the real opportunity to own land. Land was not simply the security of what it could fire. In the South, land was a symbol of unfulfilled dreams, an expression of cultural independence, and a meaningful representation of real social capital.The plantation system of production that proliferated in the South in the 18th and 19th centuries placed land as a currency. Landowners that were able to produce cotton could have lines of credit and assure themselves a steady income. Without land ownership they were nothing. Almost all social status was obtained and measured from the number of state anyone owned. The adoption of the factor system by the cotton plantations in the South left little for the planters and less for the workers and slaves. Still, planters would be driven to expand and the impulse to blow up his undertakings had become deep rooted and was apparently irresistible. There was a sort of atmospheric psychology in the situation that seemed to make a man invariably dissatisfied with stagnated sufficiency (Stone, 1915, p.562-563). In the South, the question of status was not what you did, but rather how many acres you owned.The Ante-bellum South also produced a enigma of ambivalence towards the ownership of land. While it was clearly understood that land was a significant measure of a mans social and material worth, those that were denied its use also decried land ownership. apparitional beliefs in the South were initially evolved from a concept of land as a sh ared out resource. Goldsmith (1988, p.392) states, land, previously treated as a shared resource and mainly immune from individual ownership, became a commodity, accessible to individual enterprise. Traditional agrarian society had been invaded by the forces of a national capitalist scrimping. As the evolution of land from a survival source to an economic factor progressed, the social structure deprived certain members from ownership. Faulkner in Go Down, Moses describes the paradox of people seeking land, yet understanding the negative consequences of ownership. He writes, ... the land, the fields, and what they represented in terms of cotton ginned and sold, the men and women whom they fed and clothed and even compensable a little cash money at Christmas-time in return for the labor which planted and raised and picked and ginned the cotton, the machinery and mules and gear with which they raised it and their cost and upkeep and second-stringer --- that whole edifice intricate a nd complex and founded upon injustice and erected by ruthless rapacity and carried on even yet with at times downright savagery not only to the human beings but the valuable animals too (p.221). Without land and its ability to produce and provide, man was nothing. Yet with it man could also become the antithesis of spiritualty that was defined by not only Christianity, but also by the African-American forms of worship. The promise of land after the Civil War was a emblematic ideal that

Editorial Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Editorial Overview - Essay ExampleLikewise, there is a need to check on sentences that were too long and which necessitate the role of appropriate punctuation marks. As such, the author is recommended to go through the manuscript in greater detail to make the necessary proofreading and corrections, as deemed necessary, prior to net submission and publication.In addition, the content needs to be revised in terms of reliability and accuracy of the information that were presented. For instance, in the prologue, as Detective examiner Richard Moore was noted to remove the dead mans possession, one of the items mentioned was a thick silver wrist wetch (check spelling, should be watch), a birthday present from his wife (Attached Fiction Essay par. 1). The author should add more details to explain how he knew that the watch was a present from the dead mans wife (for instance, viewing from the inscriptions at the back of the watch). Overall, the manuscript was well-written and could be co nsidered for publication after addressing the points and issues that were above

Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crimes - Research Paper ExampleMurder is considered the most serious violent crime and its penalisation is life prison, long prison life or capital punishment (death). Different states have different laws in relation to murder nevertheless the usual division is manslaughter and murder. Murder is where the killer thought and intended to kill without a justifiable reason. In this case, the killer does not have a reasonable write up to commit the crime. Murder can also take place under the felony-murder rule. Where one in the course of committing a felony such as robbery kills somebody else, he is charged with murder although there was no initial plan or premeditation. In this case, the person acted in a dangerous way and his carriage led to the death of somebody else. The difference between manslaughter and murder therefore is in the fact that there is no premeditation in manslaughter.Manslaughter is further dissever into voluntary and involuntary categories. Voluntary manslaugh ter means that the intention to kill is there but it comes up suddenly due to intense emotions but it was not planned. In this case, there is no cooling off period between the action that brought the aggravation and the killing. There is no intention to kill but it happens due to sloppiness or negligence. Voluntary manslaughter is not as serious as murder but it results to prison time. The only killing where the killer is released from responsibility is killing in self defense (Storing, 1981). Crimes against PropertyCrimes against property are those which involve theft without any force or threat directed towards a person. These include burglary, push vehicle theft, larceny-theft and arson. Burglary is where one enters into somebody elses property such as a building to steal something. Lacenny-theft does not involve entry into a persons property but it is the unlawful taking of property. Embezzlement involves the changing something that was lawfully acquired to conduct unlawful ac tivities. In embezzlement, the property must have come to the suspects possession through a fiduciary relationship. It involves an element of breach of trust. It is necessary to prove breach of trust by showing that the property in question was handled in a mood that is not consisted with the trust arrangement. The required mental state for one to be accused of embezzlement is that there must have had been an intent to defraud and deepen the property in question. Other types of crimes against property include false pretenses and receiving stolen property. In false pretenses, a person is deceived to give up his rightful ownership or possession of property with an intention of converting the property to personal use. Possession or concealing, receiving and buying of stolen property also constitute of a crime against property.Under the crimes against property, extortion is the only intent crime. Another word for extortion is blackmail. It involves the taking of

Project management---management of project organization Essay - 3

Project management---management of project organization - Essay ExampleThese include space shuttle programs and humanitarian projects. In such projects anything can go wrong, therefore planning, execution, and management has to be as efficient as possible. The room for error in a space shuttle program is very minute compared to that of, say, an agricultural project. In the former, everything from conceptualization to implementation has to be done to the highest standards, meaning more resources and force out are required. In addition, much better management of those resources and personnel is vital.Professional bureaucracy best describes the organizational form of a research university (e.g. Harvard or USyd). This is because the characteristics of a professional bureaucracy correspond to the nature and structure of a research university. These characteristics are, as described by Minztberg, decentralized and coordinated through standardization of skills. In its operating cores are a group of highly proficient specialists/professionals who have considerable operating authority in their work. Much of the power rests with the professionals and they collectively control (as in professional partnership structure) the administrative apparatus (Strategic Apex). It is typically supported by relatively large number of staff to carry out routine tasks and to leverage the high- priced professionals in general. The employees typically operate in a complex and stable environment. It adapts to complexity through extensive training of staff while adapts to stability by developing standard operating procedures. Age and size of it are not important design factors. On the other hand, adhocracy best describes the organizational form of a project base organization. This is because the characteristics of a project based organization correspond to those as described by Minztberg, which are typically operates in a complex and dynamic environment that demands innovative solutions . It relies on uncouth adjustment for

Humanities Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Humanities Class - Essay ExampleIn his work, Rousseau holds that the social interactions of individuals with each other be the root cause of in all the wrongs happenings in the land and all the elements of corrupt individuals. He believed that when people are born, they are very free in state, their minds are not corrupted and they are pure as created by God. At that moment of time, the humans possess sense of love which is pure valuing someones existence in the being (Kant 1781).The individuals therefore hold a sense of harmony about themselves and those around them. But he adds that once humans become integrated with the social settings of the globe like property ownership and interdependence, there is where unhealthy happenings occur in societies. It is where the sense of love disappears. He connects these unhealthy behaviours to the competition for resources and antagonism in the world among people. The following illustration outlines how cruelty originates from societal int eractions (Hogarth 1751).In the text admit, Rousseau believed that human were originally pure and morally good in the eyes of others and originator (Text book pg. 132). Humans lived together in a society that acted as a single large family where everyone loved and cared for one another. If one family lacked some basic need, the family could well obtain it from the other family who had, they had shared indebtedness. People grew together and lived together in harmony and mutual coexistence existed among them. They carried out their activities in unison (Hogarth 1751).There was division of responsibility where women became more sedentary and accustomed themselves to looking after the children while men went out to seek their common subsistence. The two sexes lived softer lives but unfortunately, the single individuals couldnt troth the common enemy the wild beasts. This therefore led to the grouping of the families

Real EstateFinance and Investment Research summary and market report Paper

Real EstateFinance and Investment summary and trade report - Research Paper ExampleThis model is quantified using plausible assumptions virtually rational idea behaviour in additional to knowledge of how the appraisal-based indices are constructed. This model can be inverted and applied to reported index returns to receive implied market returns. This alternative Geltner (1993) suggests is useful because the unsecuritized property markets whitethorn not be able to produce information on a timely basis and may have returns that can be predicted based on the information gathered from a review of previous research in the area. In accounting for the disposition of the appraised-based indices Geltner (1993) indicates that RNI and EAI share a few similarities. However, there are also some differences in their base year how they carry out their valuation and the type and geographic location of the properties they value. Geltner (1993) then looks at appraisal smoothing at the disaggrega te level. In order to obtain an optimal appraise current market values Geltner (1993) uses what he describes as a simple Bayesian rule to estimate the property value at each point in time and outlines a rational appraisal model that can be used for that purpose. The model indicates the relationship among property-appraised values and market value. Geltner (1993) also presents a model to define the relationship between the reported index annual return to the underlying market annual return. This Geltner (1993) points out allows for the observation of index returns caused by the three behavioral events previously menti hotshotd. In recovering the underlying market returns from the reported index returns that the closeness of the model the models used in observing behavioral phenomenon was taken as an indication of whether unsecuritized market returns are predictable. Geltners (1993) findings are not statistically significant to draw any conclusions. However, the overall impression fr om the graphs and other statistical data indicates that it may be possible to predict unsecuritized market returns. Summary Article Strategies of Focus Opportunity Trends in Public-Market Commercial Real Estate Penetration from 1998 to 2003 Hess and Liang in their article authorise Strategies of Focus and Opportunity, which was published in the Pramerica Real Estate Investors Research Report dated August 2004 indicated that during 2003 public real estate investment companies decreased their holdings in apartments and hotel properties in order to benefit from an increase in the demand for those properties. In the mean time they took advantage of the falling values of retail properties plot maintaining their holdings in warehouses. This enabled them to strategically position themselves to gain from future increases in the market values for retail properties. Their strategies involved looking at the market for short bourne gains by buying when prices are at their lowest and selling when prices are approaching their highest point, at a time when investors were able to access loans to purchase such(prenominal) properties. These public real estate investment companies, consists of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Real Estate Operating Companies (REOCs) which must be publicly held and traded on one of the major stock exchanges in the US and Canada. Hess and Liang (2004) points out that in 2002 REITs took advantage of

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when Purchasing Essay

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when Purchasing Fashion Items - Essay ExampleThis study reveals a number of factors that do influence the consumer behavior when making the buying decision for fashion goods. thither are a number of factors that have such influence. Culture is one of those factors. There is a number of such factors such as the subculture, the stage of life, age demographics, the personality and perception and so on. This research will identify those factors and exploring their impact on the buying decision of the consumers for fashion goods. Cultural influences are powerful ones and if a company does not understand the culture in which a particular marketplace operates, it cannot hope to develop products and market them successfully in that market. Culture affects consumer behavior in a variety of ways. It relates to customs and beliefs that are learned from the society in which an individual grows up. Culture is a huge area of study that often has unclear boundaries and fluctuates in degree of influencing consumers. Cultural elements that influence consumer behavior can in like manner be said to be environmental influences. A sub-culture could be defined as a group of individuals whose beliefs, values and behavior differ from that of the predominant culture. Sub-culture plays an grand part to marketers because of their influence on brands and types of product and services demanded by their members. This culture is rebelling away from long working hours and heavy television watching lifestyle. In this alternating(a) culture the interest and participation of extreme sports has merged with music and clothing.

Aid in dying or physician assisted suicide Research Paper

Aid in dying or doctor assisted felo-de-se - Research Paper ExampleThose who deal opted to take a neutral stand believe that while physician assisted suicide may be unethical in some cases there are plastered cases that may warrant the doctor to take the necessary action to end the demeanor of his or her patient. This is peculiarly in cases where the patient himself demands that a doctor ends his life because it has become unbearable because of the pain they are enduring in their terminal illness. The legal and moral debate is currently going on and it seems that the stands that have been taken on the opposite sides of the debate are going to be reconciled any time soon. A brief discussion of the issues involved in physician assisted suicide needs to be discussed in order to come up with a suitable stand concerning the matter. Background There have authentic strong arguments concerning the loosening of the legal constraints that prevent doctors from administering physician-as sisted suicide to their patients. Surveys that have been conducted recently have shown that many people of the United States are in favor of the legalisation of this put on.1 Those opposed to it are the conservative elements of the society such as religious people as well as moral conservatives who tend to equate the practice to murder. It should however be realized that some form of legalization of the practice is eventually going to be made because many people will nearly likely leave behind instructions concerning their being assisted to die in case something serious happens to them. It will no longer matter what the disposal and conservatives elements in society will have to say because the wishes of individuals will most likely be put first. There has, recently been a high prevalence in the number of people who have made requests to their doctors to have assistance with suicide. The doctors have to consider this difficult request because of the legal and ethical repercussi ons of the practice.2 It can safely be said that there is a high likelihood that many doctors accede to the demand of their patients, although secretly, and assist them in ending their lives. Despite it being illegal, especially in the United States, the possibilities of physician-assisted suicides taking place in the country are quite high. Such acts are most likely going to force the legalization of assisted suicides so that the government can have some measure of control over it. Analysis Among the arguments that have been made concerning the banning of physician, assisted suicide is that it is wrong in the eyes of God. The greatest opposition to the legalization of this practice has come from the religious establishment and religious texts and opinions have been used to justify its stand. It has been utter that only God has the ultimate power to take away life, and that doctors who assist their patients in dying are committing a sin.3 This argument has been strongly countered b y advocates of physician-assisted suicide, who have stated that God is not so aloof that he allows people to suffer immense pain. Instead, they have argued that God has given human beings the knowledge and the capability to get rid of pain, and that among the means that God has provided is that of physicians assisting their patients to receive a

Project Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project - Literature review ExampleEnnis, (2005) in his journal take away that a range or approaches or theories have been developed concerning attribution, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Self-efficacy is described as the judgment of how well a course of action that is needed in dealing with the eventual situation can be executed by an individual. Kleinbeck, Quast, Thierry, Hacker, & Forschungsgemeinschaft, (2005) expound on Ennis definition, by describing it as the confidence of a person in his or her aptitude to the organization and execution of a particular course of action to deal with an issue or execute a job. On the possibility of self-efficacy, the writers argue that the major determinant of effort, setting of objectives and persistence is efficacy. The conception suggesting that people with higher self-efficacy are inclined to be more accomplished and move on a particular work is supported by empirical research. In addition, self-efficacy has been linked to the application of the cognitive strategies the perceptions of self-efficacy project triumph over the real or actual levels of ability Kleinbeck, Quast, Thierry, Hacker, & Forschungsgemeinschaft, (2005). Moreover, another concept in the motive field is about the locus of control (Denton, 2002). In this concept, people should be more motivated in a manner such that they are made to feel like they are in control and ownership of their failures as well as successes. In addition, in one formulation of the theory of control, we find that one of the three fundamental psychological requirements, together with relatedness and competence is independence. It is within this structure or context that the personal differences in the degree to which these fundamental requirements are accomplished are in compliance with the variation with the motivation levels. Nonetheless, the locus of control has a close relationship with the attributions concept. Attributions are the beliefs of a person as regards the causes of a bad or good performance. There are numerous kinds of attributions, and these include ability, leave out and effort (Denton, 2002). In the Motivation in the real world text by Gellerman (1992), we are told that the most effectual systems of motivation in flourishing and triple-crown organization in the United States are benefit programs and good pay, selectivity in the process of hiring, as well as the encourage of employment on huge term basis. Some other means are flexible policy implementation, cooperative groups or even none at all, as well as a rational policy that puts the motivation of employees above any other thing Gellerman (1992). However, in the Understanding Employee Motivation a research by Lindner (1998), factors of motivation are put or arranged in order or importance. The first one is interesting work, followed by good pay and lastly bounteous appreciation or recognizing of the job done. Coming next is job security or assurance, good conditions for working, growth and promotions in the corporation. Ranking low on the amount is individual loyalty to the workers, sympathetic help with individual problems and considerate disciple. Some other ways that can be used to increase the motivation of workers is promotions, expanding upon of jobs, external and internal stipends, rewards and job enrichment. To make work more interesting to the workers, job enlargement is the best approach as it increases the variety and number of

I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I - Essay ExampleThis may result to inefficient tryst of resources and consumers to change their behaviors towards the market and so there is a need for the government to intervene. What more could happen if two large companies will merge? And these companies happen to run services that are of importance to our fast moving lives- the telecommunications services?On November 24, 2011, an article entitled AT&T Merger with T-Mobile Faces Setbacks was published on nytimes.com by Edward Wyatt and Jenna Wortham. They talked about the problems that the two mobile companies, AT &T and T-Mobile, are facing with their planned merging. AT&T is one of the largest telecommunications services provider in the linked States and horizontal worldwide. Its services include wireless communications, local exchange services, long-distance services, data/broadband and Internet services, video services, managed networking, wholesale services and directory advertising and publishing. In March of 2011, it announced its plan to merge with T-Mobile which is owned by Deutsche Telekom. The former agreed to buy T-Mobile from Deutsche Telekom for $39 billion. But of course, the merger was subject to F.C.C. approval because the connective of the two companies would fix required transfer of licenses to use public airwaves for cellular phone signals and wireless Internet access (Wyatt & Wortham, 2011).Being a monopoly or even just a big player in an industry yields many advantages and if not properly monitored will affect the consuming individuals negatively. In the case of these telecommunications merger, distinguishable sectors from the society are paying close attentions. The Justice Department for example has said that the merger would severely restrict competition, Federal Communications Commission officials have added that AT&Ts confidential filings indicate the merger would eliminate jobs and consumer groups who closely monitored the actions of the authorities said that their combin ed actions indicated

Strategic management Essay Example for Free

Strategic guidance EssayIntroduction Preparing an in force(p) trip depth psychology In most strategical management courses, trips are used extensively as a teaching tool. 1 A key reason is that pillowcases provide active learners with opport unities to use the strategic management assist to identify and lap organisational problems. Thus, by analysing sides that are described in cases and presenting the results, active learners (that is, students) become skil lead at effectively using the tools, techniques and concepts that combine to form the strategic management process.The cases that stick are concerned with actual companies. Presented within the cases are problems and situations that managers and those with whom they work must snap and resolve. As you will see, a strategic management case hatful focus on an entire industry, a single organisation or a business unit of a large, diversified firm. The strategic management issues approach non-for-profit organisat ions also fag be examined using the case synopsis method.Basically, the case analysis method calls for a careful diagnosis of an organizations menstruation conditions (as manifested by its external and internal environments) so that appropriate strategic actions dismiss be recommended in light of the firms strategic intent and strategic mission. Strategic actions are taken to develop and then use a firms core competencies to set apart and implement different strategies, including business-level, corporatelevel, acquisition and restructuring, global and cooperative strategies.Thus, appropriate strategic actions help the firm to survive in the long run as it cr flowes and uses competitive advantages as the foundation for achieving strategic conflict and earning above-average returns. The case method that we are recommending to you has a rich heritage as a pedagogical approach to the study and understanding of managerial effectiveness. 2 As an active learner, your preparation is life-sustaining to successful use of the case analysis method.Without careful study and analysis, active learners lack the insights take upd to participate in full in the discussion of a firms situation and the strategic actions that are appropriate. Instructors adopt different approaches in their application of the case analysis method. Some require active learners/students to use a specific analytical procedure to examine an organisation otherwises provide less structure, faceing students to learn by developing their own unique analytical method.Still other instructors believe that a moderately structured framework should be used to analyse a firms situation and make appropriate recommendations. Your lecturer or tutor will determine the specific approach you take. The approach we are presenting to you is a moderately structured framework. We divide our discussion of a moderately structured case analysis method framework into four sections. First, we describe the importance of understanding the skills active learners can start through effective use of the case analysis method.In the second section, we provide you with a process-oriented framework. This framework can be of lever in your efforts to analyse cases and then present the results of your work. Using this framework in a scoreroom setting yields valuable experiences that can, in turn, help you to successfully complete assignments that you will prevail from your employer. The third section is where we describe briefly what you can expect to occur during in-class case discussions.As this description shows, the relationship and interactions between instructors and active learners/students during case discussions are different than they are during lectures. In the nett section, we Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis present a moderately structured framework that we believe can help you to prepare effective oral and written presentations. Written and oral communication skills also are valued highly in many organisational settings hence, their breeding today can swear out you headspring in the future. Skills gained through use of the case analysis method.The case analysis method is based on a philosophy that combines knowledge acquisition with satisfying involvement from students as active learners. In the words of Alfred North Whitehead, this philosophy rejects the doctrine that students had first knowing passively, and then, having learned should apply knowledge. 3 In contrast to this philosophy, the case analysis method is based on principles that were elaborated upon by John Dewey Only by wrestling with the conditions of this problem at hand, seeking and finding his own way out, does the student think If he cannot devise his own solution (not, of course, in isolation, just now in correspondence with the teacher and other pupils) and find his own way out he will not learn, not even if he can extract some correct answer with a hundred percent accurac y. 4 The case analysis method brings reality into the classroom. When developed and presented effectively, with rich and interesting detail, cases oblige conceptual discussions grounded in reality. Experience shows that simple fictional accounts of situations and collections of actual organisational data and articles from public sources are not as effective for learning as fully developed cases.A comprehensive case presents you with a partial clinical study of a real-life situation that faced managers as well as other stakeholders, including employees. A case presented in narrative form provides motivation for involvement with and analysis of a specific situation. By framing alternative strategic actions and by confronting the complexity and ambiguity of the practical world, case analysis provides extraordinary power for your involvement with a personal learning experience. Some of the potential consequences of using the case method are summarised in Exhibit 1.As Exhibit 1 suggest s, the case analysis method can assist active learners in the information of their analytical and judgement skills. Case analysis also helps you learn how to ask the right questions. By this we mean questions that focus on the core strategic issues that are include in a case. Active learners/students with managerial aspirations can improve their ability to identify underlying problems rather than focusing on superficial symptoms as they develop skills at asking probing yet appropriate questions.The collection of cases your instructor chooses to assign can expose you to a wide variety of organisations and finis situations. This approach vicariously broadens your experience base and provides insights into many types of managerial situations, tasks and responsibilities. Such indirect experience can help you to make a more informed career decision near the industry and managerial situation you believe will prove to be challenging and satisfying. Finally, experience in analysing case s definitely enhances your problemsolving skills, and look for indicates that the case method for this class is better than the lecture method.5 Furthermore, when your instructor requires oral and written presentations, your communication skills will be honed through use of the case method. Of course, these added skills depend on your preparation as C-4 Exhibit 1 Consequences of student involvement with the case method 1 Case analysis requires students to practise big managerial skillsdiagnosing, making decisions, observing, listening and persuadingwhile preparing for a case discussion. 2 Cases require students to relate analysis and action, to develop realistic and concrete actions despite the complexity and partial knowledge characterising the situation being studied.3 Students must confront the intractability of realitycomplete with absence of needed information, an imbalance between take and available resources, and conflicts among competing objectives. 4 Students develop a general managerial point of viewwhere responsibility is sensitive to action in a diverse environmental context. Source C. C. Lundberg and C. Enz, 1993, A framework for student case preparation, Case Research Journal, 13 (Summer), p. 134. Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis well as your instructors facilitation of learning.However, the primary responsibility for learning is yours. The superior of case discussion is generally acknowledged to require, at a minimum, a pure(a) ascendency of case facts and some independent analysis of them. The case method therefore first requires that you read and think carefully about each case. Additional comments about the preparation you should complete to successfully discuss a case appear in the next section. Student preparation for case discussion If you are unripe with the case method, you whitethorn need to alter your study habits.A lecture-oriented course may not require you to do intensive preparation for each class period. In such(prenominal) a course, you have the latitude to work through assigned readings and review lecture notes according to your own schedule. However, an assigned case requires significant and conscientious preparation before class. Without it, you will be unable to contribute meaningfully to in-class discussion. Therefore, careful reading and thinking about case facts, as well as reasoned analyses and the development of alternative solutions to case problems, are essential.Recommended alternatives should flow logically from core problems identified through study of the case. Exhibit 2 shows a set of tinctures that can help you to familiarise yourself with a case, identify problems and propose strategic actions that increase the probability that a firm will light upon strategic competitiveness and earn above-average returns. C-5 Exhibit 2 An effective case analysis process spirit 1 Gaining familiarity a. In general determine who, what, how, where and when (the critical facts of the case). b. In detail identify the places, persons, activities and contexts of the situation.c. Step 2 Recognising symptoms Recognise the degree of certainty/uncertainty of acquired information. a. List all indicators (including stated problems) that something is not as anticipate or as desired. b. Ensure that symptoms are not assumed to be the problem (symptoms should lead to identification of the problem). Step 3 Identifying goals a. Identify critical statements by major parties (e. g. people, groups, the work unit, etc. ). b. List all goals of the major parties that exist or can be reasonably inferred. Step 4 Conducting the analysis a. conclude which ideas, models and theories wait useful.b. Apply these conceptual tools to the situation. c. Step 5 Making the diagnosis As new information is revealed, cycle back to sub-steps (a) and (b). a. Identify predicaments (goal inconsistencies). b. Identify c. Step 6 Doing the action planning c. problems (discrepancies between goals and performance). Prioritise predicaments/problems regarding timing, importance, etc. a. Specify and prioritise the criteria used to choose action alternatives. b. Discover or invent viable action alternatives. Examine the probable consequences of action alternatives. d. Select a course of action.e. Design an implementation plan/schedule. f. Create a plan for assessing the action to be implemented. Source C. C. Lundberg and C. Enz, 1993, A framework for student case preparation, Case Research Journal, 13 (Summer), p. 144. Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis Gaining familiarity Identifying goals The third step of effective case analysis calls for you to identify the goals of the major organisations, business units and/or singulars in a case. As appropriate, you should also identify each firms strategic intent and strategic mission.Typically, these direction-setting statements (goals, strategic intents and strategic missions) are derived from comments made by central characters in the organisation, business unit or top management team as described in the case and/or from public documents (for example, an annual report). Completing this step successfully can sometimes be difficult. Nonetheless, the outcomes you make water from this step are essential to an effective case analysis because identifying goals, intent and mission helps you to clarify the major problems featured in a case and to appraise alternative solutions to those problems.Directionsetting statements are not always stated publicly or prepared in written format. When this occurs, you must infer goals from other available genuine data and information. C-6 The first step of an effective case analysis process calls for you to become familiar with the facts featured in the case and the focal firms situation. Initially, you should become familiar with the focal firms general situation (for example, who, what, how, where and when). Thorough familiarisation demands appreciation of the n uances, as well as the major issues, in the case.Gaining familiarity with a situation requires you to study several situational levels, including interactions between and among individuals within groups, business units, the corporate office, the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic community and the society at large. Recognising relationships within and among levels facilitates a more thorough understanding of the specific case situation. It is also important that you try information on a continuum of certainty. entropy that is verifiable by several sources and judged along identical dimensions can be classified as a fact.Information representing someones perceptual judgement of a particular situation is referred to as an inference. Information gleaned from a situation that is not verifiable is classified as speculation. Finally, information that is independent of verifiable sources and arises through individual or group discussion is an assumption. Obviously, case analysts and orga nisational decision makers prefer having access to facts over inferences, speculations and assumptions.Personal feelings, judgements and opinions evolve when youare analysing a case. It is important to be aware of your own feelings about the case and to evaluate the accuracy of perceived facts to construe that the objectivity of your work is maximised. Conducting the analysis The fourth step of effective case analysis is concerned with acquiring a organized understanding of a situation. Occasionally cases are analysed in a less-thanthorough carriage. Such analyses may be a product of a busy schedule or of the difficulty and complexity of the issues described in a particular case.Sometimes you will face pressures on your limited amounts of time and may believe that you can understand the situation described in a case without systematic analysis of all the facts. However, experience shows that familiarity with a cases facts is a necessary, but insufficient, step in the development of effective solutions solutions that can enhance a firms strategic competitiveness. In fact, a lessthan-thorough analysis typically results in an emphasis on symptoms, rather than on problems and their causes. To analyse a case effectively, you should be sceptical of quick or easy approaches and answers.A systematic analysis helps you to understand a situation and determine what can work and probably what will not work. Key linkages and underlying causal ne cardinalrks based on the archives of the firm become apparent. In this way, you can separate causal networks from symptoms. Also, because the quality of a case analysis depends on applying appropriate tools, it is important that you use the ideas, models and theories that seem to be useful for evaluating and solving individual and unique situations. As you ingest facts and symptoms, a useful Recognising symptoms.Recognition of symptoms is the second step of an effective case analysis process. A symptom is an indication that s omething is not as you or someone else thinks it should be. You may be tempted to correct the symptoms instead of searching for true problems. True problems are the conditions or situations requiring solution before the performance of an organisation, business unit or individual can improve. Identifying and listing symptoms early in the case analysis process tends to reduce the temptation to label symptoms as problems.The focus of your analysis should be on the actualcauses of a problem, rather than on its symptoms. Thus, it is important to remember that symptoms are indicators of problems subsequent work facilitates discovery of critical causes of problems that your case recommendations must address. Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis theory may become apparent. Of course, having familiarity with conceptual models may be important in the effective analysis of a situation. Successful students and successful organisational strategists add to their intellectual tool kit s on a continual basis.What to expect from in-class case discussions Classroom discussions of cases differ significantly from lectures. The case method calls for instructors to guide the discussion, encourage student participation and solicit alternative views. When alternative views are not forthcoming, instructors typically adopt one view so that students can be challenged to respond to it advertently. Often students work is evaluated in terms of both the quantity and the quality of their contributions to in-class case discussions.Students benefit by having their views judged against those of their peers and by responding to challenges by other class members and/or the instructor. During case discussions, instructors listen, question and probe to extend the analysis of case issues. In the course of these actions, peers or the instructor may challenge an individuals views and the validity of alternative perspectives that have been expressed. These challenges are offered in a const ructive manner their intent is to help students develop their analytical and communication skills.Instructors should encourage students to be innovative and original in the development and presentation of their ideas. Over the course of an individual discussion, students can develop a more complex view of the case, benefiting from the diverse inputs of their peers and instructor. Among other benefits, experience with multiple-case discussions should help students to increase their knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making processes. Student peers as well as the instructor value comments that contribute to the discussion.To offer relevant contributions, you are boost to use independent thought and, through discussions with your peers outside of class, to correct your thinking. We also encourage you to avoid using I think, I believe and I feel to discuss your inputs to a case analysis process. Instead, consider using a less emotion-laden phrase, such as M y analysis shows. This highlights the logical nature of the approach you have taken to complete the six steps of an effective case analysis process. When preparing for an in-class case discussion, you should plan to use the case data to explain your assessment of the situation.Assume that your peers and instructor know the case facts. In addition, it is great practice to prepare notes before class discussions and use them as you explain your view. rough-and-ready notes signal to classmates and the instructor that you are prepared to engage in a thorough discussion of a case. Moreover, C-7 Making the diagnosis The fifth step of effective case analysis diagnosis is the process of identifying and clarifying the roots of the problems by comparing goals with facts. In this step, it is useful to search for predicaments. Predicaments are situations in which goals do not fit with known facts.When you evaluate the actual performance of an organisation, business unit or individual, you ma y identify over- or underachievement (relative to established goals). Of course, single-problem situations are rare. Accordingly, you should recognise that the case situations you study probably will be complex in nature. Effective diagnosis requires you to determine the problems affecting longer-term performance and those requiring immediate handling. Understanding these issues will aid your efforts to prioritise problems and predicaments, given available resources and existing constraints.Doing the action planning The final step of an effective case analysis process is called action planning. Action planning is the process of identifying appropriate alternative actions. In the action planning step, you select the criteria you will use to evaluate the identified alternatives. You may derive these criteria from the analyses typically, they are related to key strategic situations facing the focal organisation. Furthermore, it is important that you prioritise these criteria to ensure a rational and effective evaluation of alternative courses of action.Typically, managers satisfice when selecting courses of action that is, they find acceptable courses of action that meet most of the chosen evaluation criteria. A rule of thumb that has proved valuable to strategic decision makers is to select an alternative that leaves other plausible alternatives available if the one selected fails. Once you have selected the vanquish alternative, you must specify an implementation plan. Developing an implementation plan serves as a reality check on the feasibility of your alternatives.Thus, it is important that you give thoughtful consideration to all issues associated with the implementation of the selected alternatives. Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis Exhibit 3 Types of thinking in case preparation Analysis and synthetic thinking C-8 125 000 Sources Income figures are approximate and based on A. Chatterjee, 1998, Marketing to the superrich, Business Today ( Living Media India Ltd), 22 April W. Berryman and J. McManus, 1998, India Turning the elephant economy, Independent Business Weekly, 24 June.offered spicier sauces, such as McMasala and McImli (made from tamarind). Other elements of the menu, such as chicken nuggets, fillet fish sandwiches, chips, sodas and milkshakes, were in common with the rest of the McDonalds system. In 1998, McDonalds India set up a menu development team to collect consumer feedback. Subsequently, the team came up with its menu vision, and new products since then have been based on this vision. The adaptation of the dodge went well beyond the menu, encompassing many aspects of the eating place management system.Two different menu boards were displayed ineach restaurant green for vegetarian products and purple for non-vegetarian products. screw the counter, restaurant kitchens had separate, dedicated preparation areas for the meat and non-meat products. The kitchen crew (in charge of cooking) had different u niforms to distinguish their roles and did not work at the vegetarian and non-vegetarian stations on the resembling day, indeed ensuring clear segregation. The wrapping of vegetarian and non-vegetarian food for thought took place separately. These extra steps were taken to assure Indian customers of the wholesomeness of both products and their preparation.To convince Indian customers that the high society would not serve beef and would respect the culinary habits of its clientele, McDonalds printed brochures explaining all these steps and took customers on kitchen tours. McDonalds positioned itself as a family restaurant. The average toll of a Combo meal, which include burger, fries and Coke, varied from Rs 76 for a vegetarian meal to Rs 88 for a Maharaja Mac meal. This could be compared with KFC meal harms at Rs 59 (Crispy Burger, regular fries and large Pepsi) and Rs 79 (KFC Chicken, Colonel Burger and regular Pepsi).McDonalds Happy Meal, which included a complimentary toy, was priced at Rs 46. The prices in India were lower than in Sri Lanka or Pakistan, and even the price of the Maharaja Mac was 50 per cent less than an equivalent product in the United States. To fight its premium image among the public, the federation undertook selective price cutting and ran some periodic promotions. In February 1999, the company was offering economeals for as low as Rs 29. The company reduced the price of vegetable nuggets from Rs 29 to Rs 19 and that of its soft-serve ice-cream cone from Rs 16 to Rs 7.Apparently, this still afforded McDonalds a healthy margin (40 per cent for cones). As Vikram Bakshi, explained, I will never become unaffordable, as I will not then be able to build up volumes. The lower price could be attributed to two factors the pricing strategies of MNC rivals as well as mid-range local restaurants, and the development of a local (low-cost) supply image. McDonalds pricing strategies, as well as particular promotions, were influenced by riva ls. In February 1999, several competitors were streamlet special promotions, with KFC offering a meal inclusive of chicken, rice and gravy for Rs 39.For Rs 350, Pizza Hut was offering a whole family meal, including two medium pizzas, staff of life and Pepsi. Wimpys was offering Case 8 McDonalds working out strategies in India mega meals at Rs 35. A typical vegetarian set meal, or thali (which included Indian breads, rice, vegetables and yogurt) at a mid-range restaurant cost around Rs 50, which was considerably lower than a McDonalds meal. Some analysts believed that that by introducing loss leaders (for example, cones), McDonalds wanted to highlight good value for all its products. Whether customers attracted by special promotions pay repeat visits to McDonalds remains to be seen.In October 2000, the company introduced two new Indianised products to its menu the Chicken McGrill and the Veg Pizza McPuff. At that point in time, 75 per cent of the menu in India was unique that is, different from the rest of the McDonalds system. The Chicken McGrill had a grilled chicken patty topped with onions and mint sauce, to give it an Indian flavour. The Veg Pizza was a takeoff on the popular Indian samosa (potato-based curry puff) with differences in shape (rectangular) and stuffing (capsicum, onions and Mozarella cheese with tomato sauce).In keeping with the low pricing strategy in India, these items were priced at Rs 25 and Rs 16, respectively. With its value pricing and localised menu, McDonalds had attracted some loyal customers. One such customer said, A normal kebab, with all the trimmings, at a regular restaurant would cost more than Rs 25 and if the new McGrill is giving us a similar satisfaction with its mint chutney (sauce), then wed rather eat in a lively McDonalds outlet than sitting in a cramped car on the road. Some elements of the promotional strategy remained the same as in other parts of the world.One instance of this included the emphasis on attract ing children. A Happy Meal film was consistently shown on the Cartoon Network and the Zee (a local channel) Disney Hour. McDonalds also teamed up with Delhi Traffic Police and the Delhi Fire Service to highlight safety issues, again assay to create goodwill among schoolchildren. In October 1999, in conjunction with The Walt Disney Company and UNESCO, McDonalds launched a search for Millennium Dreamers. The program would bring together 2 000 young people from around the globe who had made a positive and significant impact on their communities.Based on the number of its outlets, India was allocated two representatives. By June 2000, the company had started rolling out its first national campaign, as it was expanding beyond Mumbai and New Delhi. The campaign, budgeted at Rs 100 million, was judge to highlight (in phased order) the brand (the experience that there is something special about McDonalds), food quality and variety. The company also ran special promotions during festivals, and vegetarian days, and was even developing garlicfree sauces to bring in hard-core vegetarian traffic.In terms of the selection of cities, McDonalds followed the same strategy in India as in the rest of the world. Its initial focus on Mumbai and Delhi was driven by the following factors they were the two largest cities in India their citizens enjoyed comparatively high income levels compared to the rest of the country and they were exposed to foreign food and culture. After establishing a presence in the leading cities, McDonalds then moved to smaller satellite towns near the metropolitan cities (for example, from Delhi to Gurgaon and Noida, both suburbs of Delhi, and from Mumbai to Pune).McDonalds often found that there were positive spillover effects, in terms of its reputation, from the metropolitan cities to the satellite towns. In Jaipur, the company was hoping to attract foreign tourists. C-125 Developing the supply chain McDonalds search for Indian providers started as ea rly as 1991. Its initial challenge was to develop local suppliers who could deliver quality raw materials, regularly and on schedule. In the five-and-a-half years until start-up, McDonalds spent as much as Rs 500 million (US$12. 8 million) to set up a supply network, distribution hearts and logistics support.By mid-2000, some estimates placed the total investment in the supply chain at virtually Rs 3 billion. Local suppliers, Exhibit 6 McDonalds supply chain in India Phillaur (sauces) Dehradun (lettuce) Nainital (lettuce) Taloja (veg. nuggets) Thane Pune (lettuce) Ooty (lettuce) Baramati (cheese) Hyderabad (mutton patties) Venkatapur (pickles) Cochin Supplier locations Distribution centres Case 8 McDonalds expansion strategies in India distributors and joint venture partners and employees had to match the restaurant chains quality and hygiene standards before they became part of its system.McDonalds experience in identifying and cultivating the supplier of lettuce provided an exc ellent illustration of the difficulties involved. In 1991, hardly any iceberg lettuce was grown in India, except for a small quantity grown around Delhi during the wintertime months. McDonalds identified a lettuce supplier (Mangesh Kumar from Ootacamund in Tamilnadu, a southern state) and helped him in a broad range of activities, from seed selection to advice on soil practices. In the case of several other suppliers, such as Cremica Industries which supplied the sesame seed buns, McDonalds helped them to gain access to foreign technology.In another instance, it encouraged Dynamix, the supplier of cheese, to establish a program for milk procurement by investing in bulk milk collection and chilling centres. This, in turn, led to higher milk yields and overall collections, as well as to an improvement in milk quality. McDonalds ended up with a geographically diverse sourcing network, with buns coming from northern India, chicken and cheese from western India, and lettuce and pickles from southern India. There were as many as 40 suppliers in the companys supply chain. (See Exhibit 6 for McDonalds supply chain.) A dedicated distribution system was established to match the suppliers production and delivery schedules with the restaurants needs. The first two centralised distribution centres were set up near Mumbai and at Cochin (in the southernmost part of India) in joint ventures with two local retailers, both of whom had to learn from international distributors of McDonalds products how the restaurant chain handled distribution worldwide and, especially, how to enhance the quality of storage operations. The company estimated that each distribution centre could service about 25 outlets.McDonalds strove to keep the storage volumes of products high in order to exploit all possible economies of scale. The distribution centres were also expected to maintain inventory records and to interact with suppliers and the logistics firm to ensure that their freezers were well stocked. Said Amit Jatia, The most important part of our operations was the development of a cold chain the process of procurement, warehousing, transportation and retailing of food products under controlled temperatures. There is practically no need for a knife in any restaurant.All the chopping and food processing is done in the plants. Only the actual cooking takes place in the restaurants. Even with the suppliers and distribution system in place, McDonalds needed a distribution link to move raw materials to its restaurants. Logistics management was contracted out to AFL Logistics itself a 5050 joint venture between Air freight (a Mumbai-based firm) and FX Coughlin of the United States, McDonalds international logistics provider. AFL logistics was responsible for the temperature-controlled movement of all products (by rail, road or air, as appropriate) from individ.